Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth During the period from the 16th to the 18th century, in eastern regions of
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and
Kingdom of Hungary several successive campaigns of Catholicisation were undertaken in order to convert local
Eastern Orthodox Christians into Catholicism.
Serbs (August 1941) The Council of Trent had the mission to gain both Protestants, and Orthodox Christians in
southeastern Europe. The
Serbian Orthodox Church became targeted, the strongest pressure during the term of Pope
Clement VIII (1592–1605), who used the difficult position of the Orthodox in the Ottoman Empire and conditioned the Serbian Patriarch to Uniatize in return for support against the Turks. Serbian Orthodox Christians and
Bogomils were targeted for Catholicisation by clergy from
Republic of Ragusa. Since the many migrations of Serbs into the
Habsburg monarchy beginning in the 16th century, there were efforts to Catholicise the community. The Orthodox
Eparchy of Marča became the Catholic
Eparchy of Križevci after waves of Uniatisation in the 17th and 18th centuries. Notable individuals active in the Catholicisation of Serbs in the 17th century include
Martin Dobrović,
Benedikt Vinković,
Petar Petretić,
Rafael Levaković and
Ivan Paskvali. The Catholic bishops Vinković and Petretić wrote numerous inaccurate texts meant to incite hatred against Serbs and Orthodox Christians, some of which included advice on how to Catholicise the Serbs. During
World War II, the Axis
Ustashe led the campaign of
Genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia. An estimated 300,000 were converted to Catholicism, most temporarily. ==Re-Catholicisation during Counter-Reformation==