Catholic use In a specific sense, however, ''
are certain fundamental laws in the form of legal maxims memorialized in the Corpus Iuris Canonici, comprising 11 that Pope Gregory IX placed at the end of the fifth Book of
Decretals and 88 that Pope Boniface VIII placed in the final title of Liber Sextus Decretalium''. These rules are
deductions, rather than repetitions of legal principles in constitutions or judgments, of several laws on the same subject, and consequently were reserved to the final titles of the two books aforementioned, in imitation of the order of the
Justinian Code, specifically the
Digest, Liber l, Titulus 17. While '
are greatly important, few general principles are without some exception. Some ' are applicable in all matters and others only to judicial trials, benefices, et cetera; the following examples of those of limited applicability are from the
Liber Sextus Decretalium: • "No one can be held to the impossible." (6) • "Time does not heal what was invalid from the beginning." (18) • "What is not allowed to the defendant is denied to the plaintiff." (32) • "What one is not permitted to do in his own name he may not do through another." (47)
88 rules of Boniface VIII 88 legal dicta, axioms, or principles comprise the '''' promulgated in 1298 by
Pope Boniface VIII. ==See also==