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Reichskammergericht

The Reichskammergericht was one of the two highest judicial institutions in the Holy Roman Empire, the other one being the Aulic Council in Vienna. It was founded in 1495 by the Imperial Diet in Worms. All legal proceedings in the Holy Roman Empire could be brought to the Imperial Chamber Court, except if the ruler of the territory had a so-called privilegium de non appellando, in which case the highest judicial institution was found by the ruler of that territory. Another exception was criminal law in which the Imperial Chamber Court could intervene only if basic procedural rules had been violated.

History
At its foundation, the Imperial Chamber Court was seated in Frankfurt. It was later moved to Worms, Augsburg, Nürnberg, Regensburg, Speyer, Esslingen, Speyer again (from 1527 to 1689), and finally to Wetzlar until it was dissolved in 1806. From the early Middle Ages, there had been a supreme court for the Empire, the Hofgericht, in which the Emperor himself presided. Since technically anyone could appeal to the Reichskammergericht, in the 18th century, Peasant appeals were extremely common. A member of the court in 1767 said that "these kinds of lawsuits [that is, complaints against rulers] have unfortunately become so frequent of late that every day whole flocks of peasants may be seen [on their way to court]". The court received 220-250 cases every year, and in the 1790s it produced more than 100 decisions each year. Though the court did not function much slower than a modern court may today, the Reichskammergericht was often overloaded. Thus, the court encouraged parties to settle cases on their own. Many times, this worked, and parties sought a compromise. Thus, the Reichskammergericht often deferred non-urgent cases until plaintiffs decided to proceed. The court did take payments from parties hoping to make their case a priority, but these were not expected and it didn't seem they affected the objectivity of the judges. ==Composition==
Composition
The court's composition was determined by both the Holy Roman Emperor and the subject states of the Empire. The Emperor appointed the chief justice (always a highborn aristocrat), several divisional chief judges, and some of the other puisne judges. The majority of the judges were selected by the Imperial Estates. Originally, half of the judges were Knights of the Empire, and the other half were law graduates, but after 1548, all judges had to be law graduates, and the court could reject candidates that were deemed unfit. The Peace of Westphalia in 1648 ruled that half of the members of the court must be Protestant, and called for a total of 50 judges to be appointed at any time. However, this number was not reached, as the Imperial Estates, who had to finance the court, was unwilling to pay for so many judges. After Westphalia, the court consisted of 20 judges which were divided into 2 "senates" that heard cases independently. In 1782, the number of judges went up to 28, making up 3 senates. ==References==
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