Reims

, from the 3rd or 4th century Reims was first called in Latin, which is hypothesized to derive from a Gaulish name meaning 'Door of Cortoro-'. The city later took its name from the Remi tribe ( or ). The modern French name is derived from the accusative case of the latter, . Christianity had become established in the city by 260, at which period Saint Sixtus of Reims founded the Diocese of Reims (which would be elevated to an archdiocese around 750). The consul Jovinus, an influential supporter of the new faith, repelled the Alamanni who invaded Champagne in 336, but the Vandals captured the city in 406 and slew Bishop Nicasius; The city was stricken with plague in 1635, and again in 1668, followed by an epidemic of typhus in 1693–1694. The construction of the dates back to the same century. The Place Royale was built in the 18th century. Some of the 1792 September Massacres took place in Reims. In the invasions of the War of the Sixth Coalition in 1814, anti-Napoleonic allied armies captured and re-captured Reims. "In 1852, the Eastern Railways completed the Paris–Strasbourg main line with branch lines to Reims and Metz." In 1870–1871, during the Franco-Prussian War, the victorious Germans made it the seat of a governor-general and impoverished it with heavy requisitions. On 30 October 1908, Henri Farman made the first cross-country flight from Châlons to Reims. In August 1909 Reims hosted the first international aviation meet, the . Major aviation personages such as Glenn Curtiss, Louis Blériot and Louis Paulhan participated. Hostilities in World War I greatly damaged the city. German bombardment and a subsequent fire in 1914 did severe damage to the cathedral. The ruined cathedral became one of the central images of anti-German propaganda produced in France during the war, which presented it, along with the ruins of the Ypres Cloth Hall and the University Library in Louvain, as evidence that German aggression targeted cultural landmarks of European civilization. Since the end of World War I, an international effort to restore the cathedral from the ruins has continued. File:Reims OSM 01.png|alt=|Map of Rheims File:Tombeau de Jovin Musée Saint-Remi 90208 01.jpg|alt=|Sarcophagus of Jovinus () File:Clovis crop.jpg|alt=|Master of Saint Giles, The Baptism of Clovis (detail), (National Gallery of Art) File:Douai-Rheims New Testament (1582).jpg|alt=|The New Testament of the Douay–Rheims Bible was printed in Reims in 1582. File:Statue de Louis XV Place Royale Reims 03.jpg|alt=|Monument to King Louis XV, at the center of File:(Top) - German officers sign unconditional surrender in Reims, France. (Bottom) - Allied force leaders at the signing. - NARA - 195337.jpg|alt=|German surrender of 7 May 1945 in Reims. Top: German officers sign unconditional surrender in Reims. Bottom: Allied force leaders at the signing. File:Saint-Remy Basilica in Reims.jpg|Basilica of Saint-Remi ==Administration==

Reims functions as a subprefecture of the department of Marne, in the administrative region of Grand Est. Although Reims is by far the largest commune in its department, Châlons-en-Champagne is the prefecture. Reims co-operates with 142 other communes in the . ==Demographics==

Rue de Vesle is the main commercial street (continued under other names), traversing the city from southwest to northeast through the Place Royale. ==Architecture==

and Palace of Tau|200x200px|180x180px Reims Cathedral is an example of French Gothic architecture. The Basilica of Saint-Remi, founded in the 11th century "over the chapel of St. Christophe where St. Remi was buried", is "the largest Romanesque church in northern France, though with later additions." Narcisse Brunette was the architect of the city for nearly 50 years in the 19th century. He designed the Reims Manège and Circus, which "combines stone and brick in a fairly sober classical composition." Examples of Art Deco in Reims include the Carnegie library. The Foujita Chapel, built in 1965–1966 over designs and with frescos by Japanese–French artist Tsuguharu Foujita, has been listed as a monument historique since 1992. ==Culture==

Reims was a candidate in the bid to become the European Capital of Culture in 2028, however was eliminated in the preselection round. Museums The Palace of Tau contains such exhibits as statues formerly displayed by the cathedral, treasures of the cathedral from past centuries, and royal attire from coronations of French kings. The Musée Saint-Remi, formerly the Abbey of Saint-Remi, contains tapestries from the 16th century donated by the archbishop Robert de Lenoncourt (uncle of the cardinal of the same name), marble capitals from the fourth century AD, furniture, jewellery, pottery, weapons and glasswork from the sixth to eighth centuries, medieval sculpture, the façade of the 13th-century musicians' House, remnants from an earlier abbey building, and also exhibits of Gallo-Roman arts and crafts and a room of pottery, jewellery and weapons from Gallic civilization, as well as an exhibit of items from the Palaeolithic to the Neolithic periods. Another section of the museum features a permanent military exhibition. The Automobile Museum Reims-Champagne, established in 1985 by Philippe Charbonneaux, houses a collection of automobiles dating from 1903 to the present day. The museum has five collections: automobiles, motorcycles and two-wheelers, pedal cars, miniature toys, and enamel plaques. The Museum of Fine Arts is housed in the former Abbey of Saint-Denis. Part of the former Collège des Jésuites has also become a contemporary art gallery: the FRAC Champagne-Ardenne. The Museum of the Surrender is the building in which on 7 May 1945, General Eisenhower and the Allies received the unconditional surrender of the German Wehrmacht. Theaters Venues include the Reims Opera House, built in 1873 and renovated in 1931–1932, and the Reims Manège and Circus, dating from 1865 and 1867. The Comédie de Reims was inaugurated in 1966. Libraries Libraries in Reims include a Carnegie library which was built in the 1920s. Festivals and events At the beginning of the year, the FARaway - Festival des Arts à Reims is a two-week event of music, dance, theatre, exhibitions, and installations at various cultural venues around the city. Every year in June, the Fêtes Johanniques commemorate the entrance of Joan of Arc into Reims in 1429 and the coronation of Charles VII of France in the cathedral. In August and September there are regular evening light shows called Regalia projected onto the Reims Cathedral. It has a duration of 15 minutes and is free of charge. Regalia is an open-air multimedia show telling the story of the French coronations in a dramatic and whimsical fashion. Pets are welcome. A Christmas market was held on the parvis of Reims Cathedral (Place du Cardinal-Luçon). It has since been moved in front of the Reims train station. In takes place in the month before Christmas, in 2023 this will be November 24th until December 24th. The Christmas market in Reims is the 3rd largest Christmas market in France. There are 150 different stalls each with various regional crafts, gifts, foods and specialities. This includes a famous poutine stand. The market last year was open on Mondays from 2pm to 8pm, Tuesday to Thursday from 10:30am to 10pm, Friday from 10:30am to 10pm, Saturday from 10am to 10pm, and Sundays from 10pm to 8pm. Access to the Christmas market is free and it is accessible to people with reduced mobility. Dogs are welcome if they are on a leash. Close by, there is a large traditional Christmas tree. Wine and food Restaurants and bars are concentrated around Place Drouet d'Erlon in the city centre. Reims, along with Épernay and Ay, functions as one of the centres of champagne production. Many of the largest champagne-producing houses, known as les grandes marques, have their headquarters in Reims, and most open for tasting and tours. Champagne ages in the many caves and tunnels under Reims, which form a sort of maze below the city. Carved from chalk, some of these passages date back to Roman times. The biscuit rose de Reims is a biscuit frequently associated with Champagne wine. Reims was long renown for its ''pain d'épices and nonnette''. Sports circuit Between 1925 and 1969, Reims hosted the Grand Prix de la Marne automobile race at the circuit of Reims-Gueux. The French Grand Prix took place here 14 times between 1938 and 1966. , the football club Stade Reims, based in the city, competed in the Ligue 1, the highest tier of French football. Stade Reims became the outstanding team of France in the 1950s and early 1960s and reached the final of the European Cup of Champions twice in that era. In October 2018, the city hosted the second Teqball World Cup. The city has hosted the Reims Marathon since 1984. ==Transport==

Reims is served by two main railway stations: Gare de Reims in the city centre, the hub for regional transport, and the new Gare de Champagne-Ardenne TGV southwest of the city with high-speed rail connections to Paris, Metz, Nancy and Strasbourg. There are two other railway stations for local services in the southern suburbs: Franchet d'Esperey and Reims-Maison-Blanche. The motorways A4 (Paris-Strasbourg), A26 (Calais-Langres) and A34 intersect near Reims.Public transport within the city consists of buses and a tramway, the latter opened in 2011. There is also a bikeshare program, Zébullo. The Canal de l'Aisne à la Marne is a waterway. There is also an airport, Reims – Prunay Aerodrome, but it had, as of 2020, no commercial airline flights. Paris's Charles de Gaulle Airport is located 136 km south west of Reims. ==Parks and gardens==

Among the parks and gardens of Reims are the Parc de Champagne, where a Monument to the Heroes of the Black Army is located. Next to the main train station, there is the Hautes Promenades, which is a park equipped with leisure facilities such as swings, hammocks, a carousel, in-ground trampolines, and a water park. Smaller gardens and parks are also peppered throughout Reims, such as Jardin Le Vergeur, Parc Léo-Lagrange, and the Parc Saint-Remi which next to the Basilica of Saint-Remi. ==Higher education==

The Institut d'Études politiques de Paris, the leading French university in social and political sciences, also known as SciencesPo Paris, opened a new campus in the former Jesuit College of Reims in 2010. It hosts both the Europe-Africa and Europe-America Program with more than 1,500 students in the respective programs. Aside from its Jesuit architecture, the campus also features the oldest grape vines in France, which are harvested every year by the City of Reims and are not at the disposal of students or visitors. In 2012 the first Reims Model United Nations was launched, which gathered 200 international students from all the Sciences Po campuses. Daniel Rondeau, the ambassador of France to UNESCO and a French writer, is the patron of the event. The URCA (Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne) was founded in 1548. This multidisciplinary university develops innovative, fundamental, and applied research. It provides more than 18,000 students in Reims (22,000 in Champagne-Ardenne) with a wide initial undergraduate studies program which corresponds to society's needs in all domains of the knowledge. The university also accompanies independent or company-backed students in continuing professional development training. NEOMA Business School (former Reims Management School) is also one of the main schools in Reims. The Advanced Business School of Reims was created in 1928. It took the name Reims Management School in 2000. ==Notable residents==

Those born in Reims include: • Adolphe d'Archiac (1802–1868), geologist and paleontologist • Jean Baudrillard (1929–2007), cultural theorist and philosopher • (born 1974), comedian • Nicolas Bergier (1567–1623), scholar of Roman roads • Brodinski (born 1987), musical artist and DJ • Roger Caillois (1913–1978), intellectual • Jean-Baptiste Colbert (1619–1683), Minister of Finance from 1665 to 1683 under the reign of Louis XIV • (1817–1902), librarian of Reims, fervent republican • Anne-Sophie Da Costa (1982), boxer • Jean Del Val (1891–1975), actor • Rose Delaunay (born 1857), opera singer • Jean-Baptiste Drouet, Count d'Erlon (1765–1844), marshal of France and soldier in Napoleon's army • Hugo Ekitike (born 2002), professional footballer • Paul Fort (1872–1960), poet • Nicolas Eugène Géruzez (1799–1865), critic • Pauline Ferrand-Prévot (born 1992), world champion cyclist • Nicolas de Grigny (1672–1703), organist and composer • Maurice Halbwachs (1877–1945), philosopher and sociologist • Kyan Khojandi (born 1982), comedian, actor and screenwriter • Jean Lévesque de Burigny (1692–1785), historian • Marie-Claire Jamet (born 1933), classical harpist • Guillaume de Machaut (1300–1377), composer and poet (Machaut was most likely born in Reims or nearby; he spent most of his adult life there) • Henri Marteau (1874–1934), violinist and composer • Merolilan of Rheims, Irish cleric • Olivier Métra (1830–1889), composer, conductor • Maurice Pézard (1876–1923), archaeologist and assyriologist • Robert Pires (born 1973), World Cup winner, footballer for Arsenal and for Villarreal CF • Patrick Poivre d'Arvor (born 1947), television journalist and writer • Jean-Baptiste de la Salle (1651–1719), Catholic saint, teacher and educational reformer • Jules de Saint-Pol (1810–1855), general • Émile Senart (1847–1928), indologist • Michelle Vignes (c. 1926–2012) photographer and photojournalist • Adeline Wuillème (born 1975), foil fencer • Yuksek (born 1977), electronic music producer, remixer, singer and DJ ==Climate==

Reims has an oceanic climate (Köppen Cfb), influenced by its inland position. This renders that although the maritime influence moderates averages, it nevertheless is prone to hot and cold extremes in certain instances. Reims has a relatively gloomy climate due to the said maritime influence and the dominance of low-pressure systems for much of the year. In spite of this, the amount of precipitation is fairly limited. ==Twin towns – sister cities==

Reims is twinned with: • Florence, Italy (1954) • Brazzaville, Congo (1961) • Canterbury, England, United Kingdom (1962) • Salzburg, Austria (1964) • Aachen, Germany (1967) • Arlington County, United States (2004) • Kutná Hora, Czech Republic (2008) • Nagoya, Japan (2018) ==See also==