Reiser4

Some of the goals of the Reiser4 file system are: • Atomicity (filesystem operations either complete, or they do not, and they do not corrupt due to partially occurring) • Different transaction models: journaling, write-anywhere (copy-on-write), hybrid transaction model • More efficient journaling through wandering logs • More efficient support of small files, in terms of disk space and speed through block suballocation • Liquid items (or virtual keys) – a special format of records in the storage tree, which completely resolves the problem of internal fragmentation • EOTTL (extents on the twig level) – fully balanced storage tree, meaning that all paths to objects are of equal length • Faster handling of directories with large numbers of files • Transparent compression: Lempel-Ziv-Oberhumer (LZO), zlib • Plugin infrastructure • Dynamically optimized disk-layout through allocate-on-flush (also called delayed allocation in XFS) • Delayed actions (tree balancing, compression, block allocation, local defragmentation) • R and D (Rare and Dense) caches, synchronized at commit time • Transactions support for user-defined integrity • Metadata and inline-data checksums • Mirrors and failover • Precise discard support with delayed issuing of discard requests for SSD devices Some of the more advanced Reiser4 features (such as user-defined transactions) are also not available because of a lack of a VFS API for them. At present Reiser4 lacks a few standard file system features, such as an online repacker (similar to the defragmentation utilities provided with other file systems). The creators of Reiser4 say they will implement these later, or sooner if someone pays them to do so. == Performance ==

Reiser4 uses B*-trees in conjunction with the dancing tree balancing approach, in which underpopulated nodes will not be merged until a flush to disk except under memory pressure or when a transaction completes. Such a system also allows Reiser4 to create files and directories without having to waste time and space through fixed blocks. , synthetic benchmarks performed by Namesys in 2003 show that Reiser4 is 10 to 15 times faster than its most serious competitor ext3 working on files smaller than 1 KiB. Namesys's benchmarks suggest it is typically twice the performance of ext3 for general-purpose filesystem usage patterns. Other benchmarks from 2006 show results of Reiser4 being slower on many operations. Benchmarks conducted in 2013 with Linux Kernel version 3.10 show that Reiser4 is considerably faster in various tests compared to in-kernel filesystems ext4, btrfs and XFS. ==Integration with Linux==

Reiser4 has patches for Linux 2.6, 3.x, 4.x and 5.x., but Hans Reiser suggested the decision was made for political reasons. The latest released Reiser4 kernel patches and tools can be downloaded from Reiser4 project page at sourceforge.net. == History of Reiser4 ==

Hans Reiser was convicted of murder on April 28, 2008, leaving the future of Reiser4 uncertain. After his arrest, employees of Namesys were assured they would continue to work and that the events would not slow down the software development in the immediate future. In order to afford increasing legal fees, Hans Reiser announced on December 21, 2006, that he was going to sell Namesys; as of March 26, 2008, it had not been sold, although the website was unavailable. During a CNET interview in January 2008, Edward Shishkin, an employee and programmer working for Namesys, said: "Commercial activity of Namesys has stopped." Shishkin and others continued the development of Reiser4, making source code available from Shishkin's web site, later relocated to kernel.org. Since 2008, Namesys employees have received 100% of their sponsored funding from DARPA. In 2010, Phoronix wrote that Edward Shishkin was exploring options to get Reiser4 merged into Linux kernel mainline. , the file system is still being updated for new kernel releases, but has not been submitted for merging. and then he suggested in April 2019 that the main obstacle could be the renaming of Reiser4 so as to avoid any references to Reiser. == See also ==