One of the institute's significant achievements was the theoretical prediction and experimental discovery of parametric
x-ray radiation (PXR), a new form of radiation produced when charged particles traverse a crystal lattice. PXR generated by high-energy protons was first detected on the accelerator at the
Institute for High Energy Physics in Protvino, Russia, while the multiwave regime of PXR generation from electrons was later observed on the SIRIUS accelerator in Tomsk, Russia. Another major accomplishment was the prediction of a new type of
radiation emitted by relativistic charged particles, such as electrons and positrons, when they are channeled through crystals. This phenomenon was subsequently confirmed through experiments conducted at multiple physics research centers around the world. Theoretical work also led to the prediction of dichroism and birefringence of high-energy gamma quanta in crystalline media. The institute also developed a new class of electromagnetic radiation sources known as volume free-electron lasers, which opened new avenues in coherent radiation generation. Researchers also provided the theoretical basis for time-reversal non-invariant phenomena, including rotation of the polarization plane and birefringence of light in matter subjected to a magnetic field, as well as CP- and T-non-invariant effects leading to induced electric dipole moments in atoms and nuclei under similar conditions. In the field of nanoelectromagnetism, the institute developed a comprehensive theory describing how electromagnetic waves scatter from isolated, finite-length carbon nanotubes. This theory successfully explains both the qualitative behavior and the quantitative characteristics of the prominent terahertz-range absorption peak observed in CNT-based composite materials, providing a solid foundation for interpreting and engineering their electromagnetic properties. The institute also made significant contributions to nanomaterials research. The existence of localized plasmon resonance in composite materials containing single-walled carbon nanotubes was experimentally confirmed, opening pathways to new applications ranging from advanced electromagnetic-shielding materials to emerging techniques in medical diagnostics and treatment. In high-energy physics, researchers developed lead tungstate (PbWO4, or PWO), now one of the world's most widely used scintillation materials. PWO crystals serve as the foundation of the electromagnetic calorimeters in major
LHC experiments—including CMS and ALICE—as well as in the PANDA experiment in Germany. INP scientists have long been part of the CMS collaboration at CERN, which, together with
ATLAS, announced the discovery of the
Higgs boson in 2012 in
Physics Letters B(716/1). In applied research, the institute continues to advance microwave power engineering, developing innovative industrial, agricultural, and environmental applications of microwave radiation. ==References==