Etching processes use a resist, though in these typically the whole object is covered in the resist (called the "ground" in some contexts), which is then selectively removed from some parts. This is the case when a resist is used to prepare the copper substrate for
champlevé enamels, where parts of the field are etched (with
acid or electrically) into hollows to be filled with powdered glass, which is then melted. In
chemical milling, as many forms of industrial etching are called, the resist may be referred to as the "maskant", and in many contexts the process may be known as
masking. A fixed resist pre-shaped with the pattern is often called a
stencil, or in some contexts a
frisket. The
Oxford English Dictionary does not record the word "resist" in this sense before the 1830s, when it was used in relation to both "
calico-printing" (1836) and metalwork with copper (1839). Resists were also used to etch steel from the mid-19th century. ==Gallery==