Revolt Against the Modern World is divided into two parts: "The World of Tradition" and "Genesis and the Face of the Modern World". The first part, "The World of Tradition", is a comparative study of the doctrines of traditional civilizations where Evola indicates that the fundamental principles of the life of traditional man are manifested in the doctrine of two natures, the existence of a physical order and a
metaphysical one. It follows the indication of the way in which the man of the tradition conceives
law,
war,
property, relations between the sexes,
immortality, and
race. The second part instead contains an interpretation of history on a traditional basis: it starts from the origins of man to arrive at the modern concept of evolution in the
Darwinian sense which, according to tradition, is considered a regress, an
involution. Evola begins the second chapter of
Revolt Against the Modern World stating that the traditional world is never perfectly realized in history. According to Evola, the key to tradition and what he supposes was the defining feature of the traditional world, was the experiential knowledge of the two natures: high and low, being and becoming, supernatural and natural. Then, Evola leads to promote the beneficial qualities of historical societies that embodied tradition: "The traditional world knew divine kingship. It knew the bridge between the two worlds, namely, initiation; it knew the two great ways of approaching the transcendent, namely, heroic action and contemplation. It knew the moral foundation, namely, the traditional law and the caste system; and it knew the political earthly symbol, namely, the empire." From this, Evola concludes that the traditional world had no defining ethics so therefore, it had no theory of any kind. Without theory, there was no learning of such theory and without learning, no progress. Evola explains how any progress or change from these traditional societies is involution rather than evolution, the study of history is only the study of decay. Evola appreciates how due to this, in traditional societies there was only adherence to the
primordialism, a single ethnic identity, which he believes has been lost due to modernity. Once Evola characterizes traditional societies, he proceeds to dive into his
metaphysical views of
gender roles. As Evola divides the universe between above and below, he relates this to the
supernatural and the natural. According to Evola,
women are
natural and
men are supernatural. The
male is
self-subsistent while the
female is
dependent. In Evola's worldview, the role of the
female is to be a
mother and a
lover, while the
male's sole role is in
war. Evola grounds these views on gender roles by relating them to
Hinduism and
Taoism in particular. ==References==