"Revolving Door" was a famous negative television commercial made for Republican Party nominee George H. W. Bush's campaign during the 1988 United States presidential election. Along with the Willie Horton commercial, it is considered to have been a major factor in Bush's defeat of the Democratic Party nominee Michael Dukakis. The ad was produced by political consultant Roger Ailes with help from Bush campaign manager Lee Atwater, and first aired on October 5, 1988. "Revolving door syndrome" is a term used in criminology to refer to recidivism; however, the implication in the ad is that prison sentences were of an inconsequential length.