Rhus typhina

The Latin specific epithet typhina is explained in Carl Linnaeus and Ericus Torner's description of the plant with the phrase "Ramis hirtis uti typhi cervini", meaning "the branches are hairy like antlers in velvet". ==Description==

Rhus typhina is a dioecious, deciduous shrub or small tree growing up to tall by broad. It has alternate, pinnately compound leaves long, each with 9–31 serrate leaflets long. Leaf petioles and stems are densely covered in rust-colored hairs. The velvety texture and the forking pattern of the branches, reminiscent of antlers, have led to the common name "stag's horn sumac". Staghorn sumac grows as female or male clones. Small, greenish-white through yellowish flowers occur in dense terminal panicles, and small, green through reddish drupes occur in dense infructescences. Infructescences are long and broad at their bases. Fall foliage is brilliant shades of red, orange and yellow. Staghorn sumac spreads by seeds and rhizomes and forms clones often with the older shoots in the center and younger shoots around central older ones. Large clones can grow from ortets in several years. In late summer some shoots have galls on leaf undersides, caused by the sumac leaf gall aphid, Melaphis rhois. The galls are not markedly harmful to the tree. ==Cultivation==

Staghorn sumac is an ornamental plant which provides interest throughout the year; though its vigorous suckering habit makes it unsuitable for smaller gardens. It can grow under a wide array of conditions, but is most often found in dry and poor soil on which other plants cannot survive. ==Uses==

The fruit of sumacs are edible. They can be soaked and washed in cold water, strained, sweetened and made into a lemonade-like drink called sumac-ade. The drink extract can also be used to make jelly. The shoots can be peeled and eaten raw. All parts of the staghorn sumac, except the roots, can be used as both a natural dye and as a mordant. The plant is rich in tannins and can be added to other dye baths to improve light fastness. The leaves may be harvested in the summer and the bark all year round. The timber provides high chatoyance, with an average value above 20 PZC. ==References==