MarketBattle of Rich Mountain
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Battle of Rich Mountain

The Battle of Rich Mountain took place on July 11, 1861, in Randolph County, Virginia as part of the Operations in Western Virginia Campaign during the American Civil War.

Background
Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan assumed command of Union forces in western Virginia in June 1861. On June 27, he moved his divisions from Clarksburg south against Lt. Col. John Pegram's Confederates, reaching the vicinity of Rich Mountain on July 9. Meanwhile, Brig. Gen. Thomas A. Morris's Union brigade marched from Philippi to confront Brig. Gen. Robert S. Garnett's command at Laurel Hill. On July 10–11, Brig. Gen. William Rosecrans led a reinforced brigade by a mountain path to seize the Staunton-Parkersburg Turnpike in Pegram's rear. ==Opposing forces==
Battle
Laurel Mountain Union forces under Thomas A. Morris, totaling approximately 4000 troops, beset Confederates under General Garnett at Laurel Mountain starting July 7. After less than a week of skirmishing Morris’ force came to a standoff against Garnett’s Confederate force on Laurel Hill. Occasional sniper and artillery fire plagued both sides amidst inclement weather. Stiff resistance convinced Morris he faced the main Confederate force. On July 11, Garnett learned of the Union flanking maneuver at Rich Mountain and decided to withdraw from Laurel Mountain. The 44th Virginia Infantry was ordered to hold the Beverly Road by engaging Federals to give the appearance of an attack. With Gen. William Rosecrans’ Union brigade approaching from the South, Garnett abandoned the Beverly Road and withdrew toward Corrick’s Ford on the Cheat River, where he was killed. Rich Mountain Union forces under the direct command of General McClellan greatly outnumbered Pegram’s Confederates on Rich Mountain. Nevertheless, the Confederates held a strong position and inexperienced soldiers in his own command convinced McClellan to precede any action with an artillery duel. McClellan agreed to let Hart lead Rosecrans’ brigade of 1,900 men through the woods. The route took roughly 10 hours through wet, rough terrain which forced Rosecrans to leave his artillery behind. Captain Julius A. De Lagnel, Garnett’s chief of artillery, assumed command of this force around David Hart’s family farm. At 2:30pm Rosecrans’ force appeared at the pass on Rich Mountain and attacked. Half the Confederates escaped to Beverly and on over the Shawnee Trail. Pegram and the others (including the "Sydney Boys", a regiment formed from the students of Hampden-Sydney College) attempted to make their way north to link up with Garnett. Pegram’s force was too exhausted to make it and 555 men surrendered on July 12. ==Aftermath==
Aftermath
Hearing of Pegram's defeat, Garnett abandoned Laurel Mountain in great disorder. The Federals pursued, and, during fighting at Corrick's Ford on July 13, Garnett was killed; he was the first general officer to be killed in the war. On July 22, McClellan was ordered to Washington, and Rosecrans assumed command of Union forces in western Virginia. The Union victory at Rich Mountain was met with great celebration in the north, and was instrumental in propelling McClellan to command of the Army of the Potomac. ==Preservation==
Preservation
The battlefield and Camp Garnett today are owned and protected by the Rich Mountain Battlefield Foundation. The Civil War Trust (a division of the American Battlefield Trust) and its partners, including the foundation, have acquired and preserved of the battlefield. The site is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. ==See also==
Gallery
File:The soldier in our Civil War - a pictorial history of the conflict, 1861-1865, illustrating the valor of the soldier as displayed on the battle-field, from sketches drawn by Forbes, Waud, Taylor, (14576128308).jpg|Battle at Laurel Mountain (several kilometers away from Rich Mountain) fought concurrently. Confederates on Laurel Mountain retreated in great disorder after hearing of the defeat of Confederate forces on Rich Mountain. File:"Battle of Rich Mountain.".jpg File:Frank Leslie's scenes and portraits of the Civil War (1894) (14576458077).jpg|'''Frank Leslie's scenes and portraits of the Civil War''' File:Sketch of the Site of the O(pe)rations of the 10th, 11th, & 12th, July 1861, at Rich Mountain near Beverly... - NARA - 305586.tif|Sketch of the Site of the Operations of the 10th, 11th, & 12th, July 1861, at Rich Mountain near Beverly. File:Sketch of the battle of Rich Mountain, July 11-12, 1861. LOC 2003629669.tif File:Rough sketch of the battle of Rich Mountain, July 11-12, 1861. LOC 2003629677.jpg File:Area of the battle of Rich Mountain, July 11-12, 1861. LOC 2003629670.jpg File:Battle of Rich Mountain-Camp Garnett.jpg|Camp Garnett File:Battle of Rich Mountain-Hart House.jpg|Marker on site of Hart House File:Battle of Rich Mountain-Historical Marker.jpg|Historical Marker on Rich Mountain File:Battle of Rich Mountain-Uphill.jpg|Looking at summit of Rich Mountain File:Battle of Rich Mountain-Downhill.jpg|Looking westward (downhill) from Rich Mountain summit ==Notes==
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