Richard Critchfield was born in
Minneapolis and grew up in
North Dakota, the son of a country doctor. His older brother,
James H. Critchfield, became the chief of the Near East and South Asia division of the
US Central Intelligence Agency. Richard Critchfield graduated from the
University of Washington, and earned a master's degree in journalism at
Columbia University. He did additional graduate work at the Universities of
Vienna and
Innsbruck, as well as
Northwestern University. Critchfield served in the
U.S. Army during the
Korean War, and then began his writing career as farm editor of the The Gazette (Cedar Rapids)|
Cedar Rapids [Iowa] Gazette. He served as a war reporter in the
Vietnam War for four years for the
Washington Star, and wrote for that newspaper for about a decade, as a member of its editorial staff. After leaving the
Washington Star, he became a freelance foreign correspondent on the
Third World, writing for numerous publications including
The Economist,
The International Herald-Tribune,
The Washington Post, and
The Christian Science Monitor. Critchfield published about ten books on a variety of topics, particularly villages in developing countries, but also including his
Great Plains family history and
Great Britain. Most notable among his books was
Villages, published in 1981 and described thirteen years later as "a classic study of the forces eroding small towns."
Villages was based on his having "studied 18 villages in 13 countries of Asia, Africa, and Latin America," and lived in those villages for long periods, "doing whatever was the dominant mode of earning a living." Critchfield described his form of writing as "village reporting." In the words of his
New York Times obituary, he "lived and worked among villagers of the third world to tell their story to Western readers," often addressing changes in traditional ways of life. Critchfield believed that the U.S. defeat in Vietnam "was not a failure of power, but a failure of knowledge," that is, the result of a U.S. lack of understanding "the ordinary Vietnamese peasant out in his village and ... his Confucian culture." In a 1980 article he argued, presciently, that agriculture in the Soviet Union was failing (among other reasons, "the Russians can blame Marxism-Leninism for their farming failure"), while Chinese agriculture was succeeding (where the Great Leap Forward to collective agriculture "proved such a fiasco that the Chinese made a brisk retreat back toward the family farm"). He died in 1994 in Washington, D.C., after suffering a stroke; he was there for a party to celebrate the publication of his last book,
The Villagers, a follow-up to
Villages. He was chosen as a
MacArthur Fellow in December 1981, the first year of that "genius grant" program, and accordingly awarded a $244,000 grant. On the other hand, Columbia professor of Middle Eastern Studies
Timothy Mitchell has vocally criticized Critchfield, arguing that Critchfield's writing on Egypt plagiarized from older and uninformed sources, and was disingenuous or inaccurate in its descriptions of Egyptian life. Mitchell further asserts that Critchfield's work supported, and was in turn supported by, the U.S. academic and foreign policy establishment, noting that it was partly financed by the Ford Foundation, the Rockefeller Foundation, and the U.S. Agency for International Development; that his brother was an early and senior CIA employee; that many of the sites of his reporting, such as Vietnam, Mauritius, and Egypt, were significant to U.S. foreign policy; and that he was on friendly terms with
Robert McNamara and "other figures associated with the CIA and the politico-military establishment." ==Publications==