He was appointed lecturer in European Studies at the University of Manchester Institute for Science and Technology (now part of
Manchester University) in 1973. From 1980 to 1987 he was professor of Social and Economic History at the
Free University, Amsterdam. From 1987 to 1995 he held the chair in Contemporary History at the
European University Institute (EUI) in Florence where he directed its research project into the History of European Integration. In 1995 he became Professor of Economic and Social History at
Leiden University He is currently director of the BA in International Studies, taught at the university’s campus in the Hague. He has been visiting professor at
Leuven University (Belgium),
Evora University (Portugal),
Istanbul Bilgi University (Istanbul, Turkey) and
Chulalongkorn University (Bangkok, Thailand). ==References==