O'Doherty's Keep On the northern bank of the River Crana as it enters
Lough Swilly sits the three-storey O'Doherty's Keep, which is the only surviving part of an original 14th-century
Norman castle. The first two levels of the keep were built after 1333. In 1601 the O'Doherty's Keep was described as being a small, two-storey castle, inhabited by Conor McGarret O'Doherty. In 1602 the third level was added and it was upgraded by Hugh Boy O'Doherty as an intended base for Spanish military aid that hoped to land at Inch. In 1718, Buncrana Castle was built by George Vaughan, it was one of the first big manor houses built in Inishowen, and stone was taken from the
bawn, or defensive wall, surrounding O'Doherty's Keep to build it. It was erected on the original site of Buncrana, which had grown up in the shadow of the keep. Vaughan moved the town to its present location, where he founded the current main street and built the Castle Bridge (a six-arched stone single lane bridge) across the River Crana leading to his Castle. By the 1780s, the town was regularly hosting markets for local produce. During the
1798 Rebellion,
Wolf Tone was held in Buncrana Castle when he was captured after the British/French
naval battle off the coast of Donegal, before being taken to
Derry and then subsequently to
Dublin. On 18 May 1812,
Isaac Todd bought the entire town of Buncrana, also the townlands of Tullydish, Adaravan and Ballymacarry, at the Court of Chancery on behalf of the trustees of the
Marquess of Donegall. His nephews inherited the castles, and they later became known as the Thornton-Todds. The castle remains as a private home today. In the forecourt there is a memorial rock in honour of Sir Cahir O'Doherty, and a plaque dedicated to Wolfe Tone. One of the oldest remaining inhabited residences in Buncrana is a Georgian property called Westbrook House, situated at the entrance to Swan Park just north of the town centre of Buncrana. The house was built in 1807 by Judge Wilson, who also built the single-arch stone bridge (referred to as Wilson's Bridge) leading to the house and the entrance to Swan Park.
19th century The town was often the focal point for unrest in the surrounding areas as rural peasants protested against evictions and rent increases. In 1834, unrest broke out when local residents tried to expel various landlord agents from the area. The names of individual agents were posted on the church doors in Buncrana by a "Captain Wright" warning that the agents risked death if they continued to live in the area. The unrest forced the administration in
Dublin Castle to station troops in the towns of Buncrana, Clonmany and Carndonagh. Communal relations between Protestant and Catholic communities were tense and on occasions led to violence. In November 1833, communal tensions broke out. The houses of local Protestants were attacked and the windows of their houses were smashed. During the second half of the 19th century, the town developed a significant tourism industry. Tourists, particularly from Derry, were able to access the town through the
Londonderry and Lough Swilly Railway.
20th century In October 1905, Buncrana was the first town in County Donegal to receive electricity. It was generated at Swan Mill which continued to provide
electricity for the town until September 1954 when Buncrana was brought under the
ESB Rural Electrification Scheme. On 30 July 1922, during the
Irish Civil War, Buncrana was captured by the
Free State forces from
Republican forces without the loss of life. The Free State forces held the railway station, telephone and
telegraph offices and all the roads entering the town. At 4:00am a sentry stopped a car on the outskirts of the town and on discovering it contained the Republican commander, with five armed volunteers, arrested them. At around 7:00am the Republican forces' position was surrounded and were given fifteen minutes to surrender. They complied, were arrested and their weapons and ammunition seized. Later that day, 100 Free State troops
commandeered a train at Buncrana station and proceeded to take
Clonmany,
Carndonagh and other locations on the
peninsula. Buncrana was the object of public attention in 1972, when after
Operation Motorman it became the place of refuge for many
Provisional Irish Republican Army members from
Derry. In 1991, a local
Sinn Féin councillor,
Eddie Fullerton, was murdered by Loyalist paramilitaries from the
Ulster Defence Association (UDA). In a documentary that aired a month later, it was alleged that members of the
Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) had leaked a classified intelligence file related to Fullerton to UDA paramilitaries, which allegedly resulted in his murder.
Buncrana Slipway Tragedy In March 2016, Buncrana was the focus of national attention when five members of the same family died after their car slipped from Buncrana Pier into Lough Swilly. The only survivor was a four‑month‑old girl, whom her father, Sean McGrotty, passed through a window to a passer‑by who had swum out to help. On 23 November 2017, an inquest found that McGrotty died by 'misadventure'; post‑mortem results showed that his blood‑alcohol level was more than three times the legal limit. ==Politics==