Riyad-us Salihen was a highly autonomous and small (probably only 20 to 50 members at any given time) group that was first founded and led by Shamil Basayev under the name of
Riyadus Salihiin Reconnaissance and Sabotage Battalion of Chechen Martyrs (later also known as
Islamic Brigade of Shaheeds) in October 1999 as a "special battalion to carry out acts of
sabotage" in retaliation for the
Grozny missile attack. Basayev took responsibility for a series of suicide attacks in Chechnya and
Russia, including the
truck bombing which destroyed the Chechen Republic's government headquarters in Grozny and killed over 80 in 2002, the truck bomb attack at Chechnya's
FSB headquarters in
Znamenskoye which killed more than 50 in 2003, the truck bomb attack at a Russian military hospital in
Mozdok,
North Ossetia, which killed at least 50 the same year, and a series of "Operation Boomerang" suicide bombings (many of them
conducted by women) which have killed over 200 civilians in
Moscow and elsewhere in Russian heartland, including 90 killed in the
simultaneous aircraft bombings over two Russian regions in 2004. Riyad-us Saliheen also took responsibility for the involvement in the hostage crises in
Moscow in 2002 and
Beslan in 2004, which together have resulted in more than 500 hostage fatalities. In 2005 the group had been reportedly disbanded by Basayev under pressure from the Chechen separatist president
Sheikh Abdul Halim, as a condition for Basayev to enter the official leadership of the separatist government. In any case it did not display any activity for more than four years after September 2004. In early 2009, the leader of the
Pan-Caucasian mujahideen,
Dokka Umarov, announced the revival of the group as
Riyad-us-Saliheen Brigade of Martyrs (without its "Chechen" part of the name, although the group is often referred by media as such anyway), saying he has 20 people fully prepared for "martyr operations". Since then the now much more ethnically-diversified group took responsibility for a series of suicide and other attacks in the Russian republics in
North Caucasus and elsewhere, including the
2009 car bombing which killed at least 25 at police headquarters in
Nazran,
Ingushetia, a car bomb assassination attempt at the Ingush president
Yunus-Bek Yevkurov, and the killing of scores of policemen in numerous smaller suicide attacks in Chechnya and Ingushetia, and since the beginning of 2010 eventually also in
Dagestan. It also took responsibility for the
2009 Sayano-Shushenskaya hydro accident, was blamed by some for the
2010 Moscow Metro bombings, and has also been alleged to be behind the 2011
Domodedovo International Airport bombing. The most recent operation claimed by the Brigade was the assassination of the convicted Russian war criminal
Yuri Budanov in Moscow on 10 June 2011. However, this was refuted by the rebel website
Kavkaz Center the very next day, triggering confusion over the original claim. ==See also==