Rock and Roll (Led Zeppelin song)

The song is performed in the key of A major at a relatively fast tempo of 170 beats per minute. The main guitar riff performed by Jimmy Page has been described as "simple but incredibly effective" which "[leaves] space for Jones, and especially, the powerhouse drumming of Bonham to drive things along." The opening riff is double-tracked in stereo audio. A third, more distorted guitar track is panned to the center, contrasting Page's main guitar tracks with counter-chords. A fourth guitar track adds "rock & roll licks." The song also utilizes piano tracks performed by Ian Stewart. ==Background and recording==

According to guitarist Jimmy Page, "Rock and Roll" developed from a spontaneous jam session that occurred after the band became frustrated while attempting to finish recording "Four Sticks" at the Headley Grange mansion they had rented in Hampshire, England. During a break, John Bonham began playing the drum intro to the 1957 song "Keep A-Knockin'" by Little Richard, to which Page added a Chuck Berry-style guitar riff. The rest of the band members reportedly joined in "one by one." Ian Stewart was also present at the session performing piano. Realizing the potential in the new idea, the band immediately put "Four Sticks" on the "back burner." The tapes were rolling, and after improvising the first section of the song, the basis of the rest of the song was completed in around fifteen minutes. ==Reception==

In 1972, American music critic and journalist Robert Christgau called it "simply the most dynamic hard-rock song in the music." Cash Box described it as a "rip-apart performance of one of best r&r revivalist tunes ever." In 2019, Rolling Stone ranked the song number 9 on its list of the 40 greatest Led Zeppelin songs. ==Live performance==

"Rock and Roll" was a key component of the band's setlist at Led Zeppelin concerts from 1971 on. Initially, Plant referred to it on stage as "It's Been A Long Time", which is the opening lyric line of the song. ==Cadillac advertising==

In 2002, "Rock and Roll" became the first Led Zeppelin song to be licensed for commercial use, when American car maker Cadillac featured it in television advertising. Plant commented: As well as earning Led Zeppelin a large licensing fee, the advertising campaign increased Cadillac sales by 16 percent in 2002. ==Charts==

According to Jean-Michel Guesdon and Philippe Margotin: • Robert Plant – vocals • Jimmy Page – guitars • John Paul Jones – bass • John Bonham – drums • Ian Stewart – piano ==See also==