List of lost films

Films may go missing for a number of reasons. One major contributing factor is the common use of nitrate film until the early 1950s. This type of film is highly flammable, and there have been several devastating fires, such as the 1914 Lubin vault fire, the Universal Pictures fire in 1924, the Warner Bros. First National fire in 1933, the British and Dominions Imperial Studios fire in 1936, the 1937 Fox vault fire, and the 1965 MGM vault fire. Black-and-white film prints judged to be otherwise worthless were sometimes incinerated to salvage the meager scrap value of the silver image particles in their emulsions. Silent films in particular were once seen as having no further commercial value and were simply junked to clear out expensive storage space. Occasionally, a studio would remake a film and destroy the earlier version. Films have also disappeared when production companies went bankrupt. ==Statistics on lost films==

Martin Scorsese's Film Foundation claimed in 2017 that "half of all American films made before 1950 and over 90% of films made before 1929 are lost forever". Deutsche Kinemathek estimates that 80–90% of silent films are gone; the film archive's own list contains over 3,500 lost films. A study by the Library of Congress of 2013 states that 75% of all silent films are lost. While others dispute whether the percentage is quite that high, it is impractical to enumerate here any but the more notable and those which can be sourced. For example, roughly 200 out of over 500 Méliès films and 350 out of over 1,000 of Alice Guy's films survive. Of the roughly 1,100 films made in India between 1912 and 1931, only 29 are known to have survived. As of 16 August 2006, The Image of the Journalist in Popular Culture, a project of the Norman Lear Center at the USC Annenberg School for Communication & Journalism has not found an existing copy of 429 films. ==Notable lost films==

Among the films commonly mourned among critics and film historians are early films by noted directors and films of unique cultural importance. The Mountain Eagle (1926) is the second film directed by Alfred Hitchcock; the silent melodrama has been described by the British Film Institute as their "most wanted" lost film. London After Midnight, starring Lon Chaney and directed by Tod Browning in 1927, was a silent-era mystery-thriller pseudo-vampire film that is now considered to be the "holy grail" of lost films by collectors. Hollywood, a 1923 silent comedy film directed by James Cruze, featured over 30 cameo appearances from major stars of the day, including Roscoe "Fatty" Arbuckle, Charlie Chaplin, Mary Astor and Pola Negri, but no footage exists. ==Silent films==

1890s 1900s 1910s 1920s ==Sound films==

:From 1929 on, films are "all-talking" unless otherwise specified. 1920s 1930s 1940s 1960s 1970s 1980s == References ==