Rosen Zhelyazkov

Zhelyazkov was born in Sofia on 5 April 1968. He earned a master's degree in Law from Sofia University. In 1994, he began his career as a legal advisor for Sofia Municipality's Sredets district, where he held senior legal positions as well as positions in the local administration. ==Political career==

Municipal administration Zhelyazkov held his first political position from 1998 to 1999, when he was Deputy Mayor for "Law and Control" of Lozenets district. In 2003, he was appointed as Secretary of Sofia Municipality by then-mayor Stefan Sofiyanski and was re-appointed to the role after the election of Boyko Borisov in 2005. In 2009, after Borisov became prime-minister, Zhelyazkov was given the post of Secretary to the Ministerial Council, a position responsible for the administrative functions of the cabinet. As secretary to the cabinet under the Raykov Government, Zhelyazkov was implicated in the so-called "Kostinbrod affair" surrounding the 2013 Bulgarian parliamentary election. A number of political parties, most notably the BSP, alleged that around 350,000 ballots were printed illegally at a facility in Kostinbrod with the authorisation of the caretaker government. As part of the investigation, Zhelyazkov was charged by the Prosecutor's Office for dereliction of his duty to oversee the proper printing of ballots. In 2014, the Sofia City Court found no evidence of wrongdoing by Zhelyazkov and ruled that he was innocent. From 2016 to 2017, Zhelyazkov served as a Public Administration and e-Government advisor to Prime Minister Boyko Borisov. In this role, he helped draft legislation for the implementation of e-government in Bulgaria and represented the country at the annual summit for open government partnership. On 30 September 2016, he was appointed Chairman of the newly-created State e-Government Agency. In this role, Zhelyazkov was responsible for overseeing the digitalisation of state services and the implementation of online solutions for government-issued documents. In October 2017, he was appointed as head of the Commission for the Regulation of Messages, responsible for overseeing the postal, radio, and e-signature state services. Minister of Transport On 20 September 2018, Zhelyazkov was elected by the National Assembly as Minister of Transport, Information Technology, and Communications. Shortly after his election, Zhelyazkov promised to work closely with the National Assembly and aimed to continue the programs started by Moskovski. In one of his first acts as Minister, Zhelyazkov ended the concession of Plovdiv Airport following the withdrawal of the previous concessioners. Additionally, he chose to extend the deadline for the concession of Sofia Airport. In November 2018, Zhelyazkov announced a change in the leadership of the Bulgarian State Railways after a number of allegations of misappropriation of funds, as well as a lack of communication with the Transport Minister. During negotiations about the implementation of new amendments to the EU "mobility package", which aimed to regulate the status of inter-state logistical networks, Zhelyazkov opposed the proposed amendments for weakening workers' rights in the Bulgarian transportation sector and supported protests organised by them. In January 2019, Zhelyazkov announced that Bulgaria had managed to gain certain concessions about the status of Bulgarian lorry drivers during negotiations with EU institutions, although the concessions were judged as unsatisfactory by the lorry drivers union. Another challenge faced by Zhelyazkov were allegations by the Bulgarian Socialist Party that the contract for the concession of Sofia Airport was contrary to European legal practices due to undue favouritism towards a private company. He denied these allegations, highlighting that the contract only restricted the rights of the state. Ultimately, despite obstructions from the BSP, the airport was given to Sof Connect in June 2019. The choice of Sof Connect was challenged legally by a number of other participants in the process, for alleged uncompetitive practices of the Transport Ministry. The official contract of the concession was signed by Zhelyazkov on 22 July 2020. In February 2019, the bus drivers' union of Bulgaria threatened to hold a national strike due to unclear regulations surrounding the distribution of state subsidies to the sector. In response, a number of measures were announced to improve the working conditions of bus drivers and improve the distribution of state funds. Looking to reduce the bureaucratic burden on car registrations, he proposed a law allowing car owners to receive a technical inspection of their vehicles by private firms rather than exclusively by the automobile administration. The law was criticised by the BSP and some media outlets for allegedly enabling criminal activity. Zhelyazkov oversaw the construction of the 5G telecommunication infrastructure in Bulgaria. In 2020, the Ministry of Transport decided to resume the process for the concession of Plovdiv Airport for a 35-year period. In coordination with the Ministry of Education, Zhelyazkov attempted to reform the driving license examination requirements, including increasing the number of driving hours while reducing the theoretical requirements. The measure was opposed by driving schools, who alleged that the increased administrative burdens provided by the law, as well as the increase in driving hours, will lead to financial losses and over-work. Zhelyazkov defended the law, claiming that it would digitalise many elements of the examination process, thus in effect reducing corruption. Ultimately, the planned reforms were not implemented. As part of the government's efforts to combat the economic impacts of COVID-19, Zhelyazkov authorised the implementation of the 60/40 wage scheme within the transport sector. Zhelyazkov's tenure as Minister of Transport ended following the dissolution of the Third Borisov Government in May 2021. Parliamentary activity and Speakership He was a Member of Parliament (GERB-UDF) in the 45th, 46th, 47th, 48th and 49th National Assembly. On 25 April 2024, Zhelyazkov was removed from the post of Chairperson of the National Assembly with 129 votes in favour, a day prior to the disbandenment of the 49th National Assembly before the June 2024 Bulgarian parliamentary election. Zhelyaskov was selected as the list-leader for GERB-SDS for the 2024 European Parliament election, however did not take his seat within the European Parliament. He was nominated as the GERB-SDS Prime Ministerial candidate, following the June 2024 parliamentary elections. On 1 July 2024, Zhelyazkov received the first exploratory mandate for government formation by President Rumen Radev following the June 2024 Bulgarian parliamentary election. Zhelyazkov stated that he aimed to form a minority government and presented the composition of his cabinet before Radev on the day, thus fulfilling the first mandate. On 3 July, the National Assembly voted 138–98 to reject his proposed government, thus voiding the first mandate. == Prime Minister of Bulgaria (2025–2026) ==

Zhelyazkov was selected as one of the members of the GERB-SDS negotiating team following the October 2024 parliamentary election, tasked with negotiating the formation of a regular government with DB, the BSP and ITN. In early January 2025, it was revealed that Zhelyazkov was the Prime Ministerial nominee from GERB-SDS leading to DB leaving the aforementioned government negotiations and a temporary suspension of the negotiations as a whole. Negotiations later resumed between the three parties, with external support being sought from representatives of DPS-Dogan. On 15 January, Zhelyazkov received and returned the first exploratory mandate to President Radev, presenting the composition of his cabinet. In his statement to the President, he outlined that the goal of the cabinet was to stabilise the country following a cycle of irregular elections and that the cabinet was based on mutual compromises between the parties participating in it. The National Assembly voted in favour of the Zhelyazkov Government, with Zhelyazkov as Prime Minister on 16 January 2025, with a majority of 125 votes. (bottom left) Following the investiture vote, Zhelyazkov met with his predecessor, Caretaker Prime Minister, Dimitar Glavchev, in the traditional transfer of power ceremony. In his statement during the ceremony, Zhelyazkov promised to present the cabinet's governance plan within a month and noted that he expected a productive dialogue with the parliamentary opposition. From 21 to 22 January, Zhelyazkov departed on his first foreign visit to Strasbourg, where he met with EU Commission President Ursula von der Leyen, EU Council President Antonio Costa, European Parliament Speaker Roberta Metsola, as well as Bulgarian MEPs. On 23 January, Zhelyazkov oversaw the first meeting of his cabinet, during which it was decided to withdraw the previously drafted budget for 2025 developed by the preceding caretaker Glavchev government. Resignation Major protests weakened his government in November 2025, forcing him to abandon his controversial budget plan, which included tax increases. In addition to the budget issue, other sources of discontent, such as rising prices amid the transition to the euro and corruption among government officials, contributed to the prime minister's unpopularity. Zhelyazkov announced his pending resignation as Prime Minister on 11 December 2025 following weeks of country-wide protests against his government. ==See also==