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Roth's spot

Roth's spots, also known as Litten spots or the Litten sign, are non-specific red lesions with white or pale centres, seen on the retina of the eye and although traditionally associated with infective endocarditis, can occur in a number of other conditions including hypertension, diabetes mellitus, collagen vascular disease, extreme hypoxia, leukemia and HIV.

Presentation
Associated conditions Conditions associated with Roth's spots include: • Infective endocarditisAnaemia/thrombocytopeniaCollagen vascular diseaseLeukemiaHypertensive retinopathyDiabetic retinopathyPre-eclampsiaHuman Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) • Extreme hypoxiaShaken-baby syndrome and also: • Candida albicans infection • vascular diseases • kala azar ==Cause==
Cause
Roth's spots occur in conditions that predispose to endothelial damage of retinal capillaries, that is when there is dysfunction and disruption of the endothelium of retinal capillaries. Looking through the microscope reveals lesions with white centers made mainly of fibrin, depicting a fibrin-platelet plug at the site of vessel damage. ==Prevalence==
Prevalence
Roth's spots occur in only 5% of people with infective endocarditis. Litten, however reported a figure of 80%. ==See also==
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