Royal Academy of Exact, Physical and Natural Sciences

The forerunner of the modern Academy of Sciences, the Academy of Mathematics, was created in Madrid in 1582, during the reign of Philip II. It evolved from the environment of cooperation among the cosmographers, architects and civil engineers that served the monarch, and also involved prominent artillery experts and military engineers. ==List of presidents==

• 1848–1866: Antonio Remón Zarco del Valle y Huet • 1866–1882: José Solano de la Matalinares • 1882–1901: Cipriano Segundo Montesino y Estrada • 1901–1916: José Echegaray y Eizaguirre • 1916–1922: Amós Salvador Rodrigáñez • 1922–1928: José Rodríguez Carracido • 1928–1934: Leonardo Torres Quevedo • 1934–1938: Blas Cabrera y Felipe • 1940–1958: José Casares Gil • 1958–1966: Alfonso Peña Boeuf • 1966–1970: Julio Palacios Martínez • 1970–1985: Manuel Lora Tamayo • 1985–2002: Ángel Martín Municio • 2002–2005: Carlos Sánchez del Río y Sierra • 2005–2009: Alberto Galindo Tixaire • 2009–2012: Miguel Ángel Alario y Franco • 2012–2015: Alberto Galindo Tixaire • 2015–present: José Elguero Bertolini ==Structure==

The Academy is composed of 54 full members, 90 national correspondents, honorary members, and foreign correspondents. == See also ==