RAF Buchan RAF Buchan opened in 1952 as an Air Defence Radar Unit. As part of the UK Air Surveillance and Control System, the station was one of two
Control and Reporting Centres (CRC) which monitored air traffic in and around UK airspace. RAF Buchan was parent station to remote radar heads at
Saxa Vord and
Benbecula. In 1979 operations moved into interim facilities above ground whilst the 'R3' underground operations block was refitted as an 'R3A', this involved the excavation of one side of the 'R3' and an auxiliary bunker was constructed alongside to provide secure facilities for stand by generators, power cleaning and air filtration. The equipment used included the GL-161 computer system.
Control and Reporting Centre Following the collapse of the
Warsaw Pact in 1991, Buchan became a
Control and Reporting Centre (CRC), part of the UK Air Surveillance and Control System (UKASACS). Buchan was responsible for UK airspace north of
Newcastle, working closely with counterparts in
Scandinavian countries. The southern CRC was located at
RAF Neatishead in
Norfolk. Around the same time, Buchan became parent station for
RAF Saxa Vord in
Shetland (91 Signals Unit) and
RAF Benbecula (71 Signals Unit) in the
Outer Hebrides, both of which were downgraded to reporting posts which feed data into the UKASACS. Together, the two CRCs processed information which was provided continuously by reporting posts and civilian radars, producing an overview of all aircraft operating within UK airspace, known as the
Recognised Air Picture (RAP). Information would also be communicated via digital data-links to neighbouring
NATO countries,
Airborne Early Warning (AEW) & other aircraft, ground units and ships. Fighter controllers at Buchan also provided tactical control of air-defence aircraft during peacetime
Quick Reaction Alert (QRA) interceptions, during training and in the event of war.
RRH Buchan In May 2000 the
Ministry of Defence announced the downgrading of RAF Buchan from a manned station to a remote radar head, and that
RAF Boulmer in
Northumberland and
RAF Neatishead in Norfolk, would continue to operate the surveillance and control system. The measure resulted in the loss of 55 civilian jobs and the transfer of over 200 RAF personnel. Around 92 military and civilian personnel were expected to remain to operate the remote radar head. The radar unit ceased to be a RAF station on 1 September 2004 and the operational part of the station became Remote Radar Head Buchan. The separate domestic accommodation site located in
Boddam was sold by the Ministry of Defence to a private developer in 2012. Buchan's Type T92(B3) radar (more widely known out-with RAF service as the
Lockheed Martin AN/FPS-117 ) was replaced in 2015 with a new Lockheed Martin AN/TPS-77 system. The new radar was funded by
wind farm developers and was installed in order to help reduce the impact of
interference from wind turbines. In 2017 the unit's
radome was replaced over a six-week period, the existing enclosure having been installed in 1984. As part of a major upgrade of Remote Radar Head sites around the United Kingdom, the Ministry of Defence began a programme entitled HYDRA in 2020 to install new communications buildings, radar towers and perimeter security. ==Operations==