Bockelmann, the son of a village schoolmaster, was born at Bodenteich near
Celle. He studied philology and music at the
University of Music and Theatre Leipzig. Soon after his graduation he volunteered as a soldier during
World War I, and was wounded several times while fighting for his country. After the war he made his operatic debut in 1920 in Celle, and from 1921 to 1926 he sang as a member of the
Oper Leipzig's company. Bockelmann's opera career in Germany would hit its peak during the 1930s and last until the 1950s. At the height of his vocal powers, in 1932, he was engaged by the
Berlin State Opera, remaining connected to the company until 1944. He sang often at Germany's
Bayreuth Festival, too. His first Bayreuth appearance occurred in 1928, and he returned there regularly until 1942. Above all, he was famed for his performances of heroic baritone roles such as that of Wotan in
Die Walküre and
Das Rheingold. He was equally renowned for his assumption of the dramatically demanding part of
Hans Sachs in
The Mastersingers of Nuremberg. Bockelmann enjoyed a successful overseas career as well. He undertook many guest performances prior to
World War II at the
Royal Opera House,
Covent Garden, in London, and at the
Chicago Opera in the United States, performing Wagner's works in the main. In 1937, Bockelmann joined the
NSDAP (Nazi Party) and was registered under the membership number 5,849,261. He then became a member of the Präsidialbeirat Comradeship of German Artists within the Ministry of Arts. In August 1944, during the final phase of
World War II,
Adolf Hitler included him in the
Gottbegnadeten list, which gave the names of the most important artists active in Germany under the
Third Reich. He was also appointed a music professor to the
Imperial School of Music in
Salzburg. Bockelmann made a number of 78-rpm recordings of Wagnerian arias and other pieces of vocal music in the 1930s and '40s, including songs with a Nazi agenda. His voice was impressively powerful, steady and wide-ranging, with a warm and attractive timbre. It can be heard on various
CD re-issues. After World War II, Bockelmann was criticised for his Nazi links and his career was restricted thenceforth to the German stage. He sang mainly at the
Hamburg State Opera and
Hans Hotter succeeded him as Germany's foremost heroic baritone in the international arena. His death occurred in 1958 at the age of 66, in
Dresden. ==Notes==