Klimmer was the son of renowned veterinary professor , and attended medical school at the
University of Leipzig. In 1926, he joined the
Communist Party of Germany while continuing his studies, and he earned his doctorate in 1930. His career was cut temporarily short when the
Nazis rose to power in the early 1930s, and he worked for a time as a ship's doctor for the
Hamburg America Line in the Americas and Asia. He returned to Germany in 1934 and became the senior physician at the
Bethel Institution in
Bielefeld. Due to his political affiliations, however, he was jailed twice by the Nazi regime in 1938 and 1941, for sentences of five months and a year, respectively, and was banned from medical practice. Nonetheless, he continued to perform medical research for
Schering AG throughout the duration of the war. He
married a lesbian in the 1930s to avoid the
persecution of gay people in Nazi Germany. After the war, Klimmer opened up a psychiatric practice in
Leipzig, and joined the
Socialist Unity Party, the ruling party of the newly formed
East Germany. Using his political ties, he attempted multiple times to repeal
Paragraph 175 from the criminal code, which prohibited homosexuality. In 1954 Klimmer personally asked
Walter Ulbricht, the
First Secretary of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany, to decriminalize homosexuality and repeal Paragraph 175, to no avail. He became director of a sexual health institute and formed a committee to lobby in the
Volkskammer. In the late 1950s and early 1960s he wrote pro-gay works, but had to publish them in
Hamburg due to publishing restrictions in the East. Thanks to his tireless work, no more convictions were made in the East under Paragraph 175 after 1950, and his efforts, along with those of
Kurt Freund, pushed the GDR to fully abolish paragraph 175 in 1968, a year before West Germany decriminalised homosexuality, and 26 years before reunified Germany abolished paragraph 175. Klimmer corresponded with Freund in form the late 1950s to the early 1960s, they also occasionally attended the same conferences. Kilmmer sent his book to Freund. Freund invited Klimmer to
Hradec Králové to talk on the legal situation of homosexuality ‘in the people’s democracies and the Soviet Union’ Klimmer died in
Wuppertal in 1977, while visiting relatives in West Germany. ==See also==