Rufus Choate

Rufus Choate was born in Ipswich, Massachusetts, the son of Miriam (Foster) and David Choate, a teacher and Revolutionary War veteran. He was a descendant of an English family which settled in Massachusetts in 1643. His first cousin, physician George Choate, was the father of George C. S. Choate and Joseph Hodges Choate. Rufus Choate's birthplace, Choate House, remains virtually unchanged to this day. A precocious child, at six he is said to have been able to repeat large parts of the Bible and of ''Pilgrim's Progress'' from memory. He was elected to Phi Beta Kappa and graduated as valedictorian of his class at Dartmouth College in 1819, was a tutor there in 1819–1820. In the fall of 1820 he was entered at the Dane Law School in Cambridge, under the instruction of Chief Justice Parker and Professor Asahel Stearns. In the following year Choate studied in Washington, D.C. in the office of William Wirt, then Attorney General of the United States. ==Career==

by noted American sculptor Daniel Chester French at the John Adams Courthouse in Boston, Massachusetts He was admitted to the Massachusetts bar in 1823 and practiced at what was later South Danvers (now Peabody) for five years, during which time he served in the Massachusetts House of Representatives (1825–1826) and in the Massachusetts Senate (1827). In 1828, he moved to Salem, where his successful conduct of several important lawsuits brought him prominently into public notice. In 1830 he was elected to Congress as a Whig from Salem, defeating the Jacksonian candidate for re-election, Benjamin Crowninshield, a former United States Secretary of the Navy, and in 1832 he was re-elected. His career in Congress was marked by a speech in defence of a protective tariff. In 1834, before the completion of his second term, he resigned and established himself in the practice of law in Boston. Already his reputation as a speaker had spread beyond New England, and he was much sought after as an orator for public occasions. His skill was so great that when he argued cases at the Norfolk County Courthouse, students from the nearby Dedham High School would be dismissed to listen to his orations. For several years, he devoted himself unremittingly to his profession but, in 1841, succeeded fellow Dartmouth graduate Daniel Webster in the United States Senate. Shortly afterwards he delivered an address at the memorial services for President William Henry Harrison at Faneuil Hall. In the Senate, he spoke on the tariff, the Oregon boundary, in favor of the Fiscal Bank Act, and in opposition to the annexation of Texas. On Webster's re-election to the Senate in 1845, Choate resumed his law practice. He later served a short term as attorney-general of Massachusetts in 1853–1854. In 1846, Choate convinced a jury that the accused, Albert Tirrell, did not cut the throat of his lover, or, if he did so, he did it while sleepwalking, under the 'insanity of sleep'. His successful use of sleepwalking as a defense against murder charges was the first time in American legal history this defense was successful in a murder prosecution. He was a faithful supporter of Webster's policy as declared in the latter's Seventh of March Speech of 1850 and labored to secure for him the presidential nomination at the 1852 Whig National Convention, at which Choate himself received one vote on the 40th ballot. In 1853, he was a member of the state constitutional convention. In 1856, he refused to follow most of his former Whig associates into the Republican Party and gave his support to Democrat James Buchanan, whom he considered the representative of a national instead of a sectional party. == Speeches ==

The Colonial Age of New England, 1831. The Importance of Illustrating New-England History by a Series of Romances like the Waverly Novels, 1833. The Age of the Pilgrims as the Heroic Period of Our History, 1843. The Positions and Functions of the American Bar, as an Element of Conservatism in the State, 1845. American Nationality, 1856, The Eloquence of Revolutionary Periods, 1857. == Health ==

In 1850 Choate traveled Europe for three months to improve his health. He was accompanied by his old friend and well-known lawyer, the Hon. Joseph M. Bell, who married Choate's sister, and later his daughter Helen. == Family ==

With his wife Helen Olcott, whom he married on March 29, 1825, Choate had seven children: Catherine Bell (1826–1830), an infant child (1828–1828), Helen Olcott Bell (1830–1918), Sarah (1831–1875), Rufus (1834–1866), Miriam Foster (1835–??), and Caroline (1837–1840). == Legacy ==

Choate's private library contained seven thousand books with three thousand volumes in his law library. A statue of him stands in the Suffolk County Courthouse in Boston. ==Works==

• Works — edited, with a memoir, by S. G. Brown, and published in two volumes at Boston in 1862 • Memoir — published in 1870 • EG Parker's Reminiscences of Rufus Choate (New York, 1860) • EP Whipple's Some Recollections of Rufus Choate (New York, 1879) • Albany Law Review of 1877–1878 • Claude Fuess' Rufus Choate, The Wizard of the Law (1928) • The Political Writings of Rufus Choate (2003) ==Further reading==