Khayloyev began playing football with
Tver at the age of 6, and moved to the youth academy of
Zenit in 2019. On 14 January 2021, he signed his first professional contract with Zenit. In 2021, he debuted with
Zenit-2 in the
Russian Second League. In September 2023, he terminated his contract with Zenit-2 in order to represent Tajikistan internationally, as foreign players were not allowed to play in the division. He shortly after signed with
Tyumen. On 1 August 2024,
Tajikistan Higher League club
Istiklol announced the signing of Khayloyev to a one-year contract. On 16 July 2025, Istiklol announced the departure of Khayloyev. On 22 September 2025,
Lotus Music of the
Media Football League announced the signing of Khayloyev. On 2 February 2026,
Tajikistan Higher League club
Ravshan Kulob announced the signing of Khayloyev. ==International career==