Sa Huỳnh culture

The site at Sa Huỳnh was discovered in 1909. Sa Huỳnh sites were rich in locally worked iron artefacts, typified by axes, swords, spearheads, knives and sickles. In contrast, bronze artifacts were dominant in the Đông Sơn culture sites found in northern Vietnam and elsewhere in mainland Southeast Asia. The Sa Huỳnh culture cremated adults and buried them in jars covered with lids, a practice unique to the culture. Ritually broken offerings usually accompanied the jar burials. The culture is also typified by its unique ear ornaments featuring two-headed animals, believed by some to depict saola. The ornaments were commonly made from jade (nephrite), but also made from glass. Bead ornaments were also commonly found in Sa Huynh burials, most commonly made from glass. ==Trade network==

The Sa Huỳnh culture showed evidence of an extensive trade network that existed between 500 BC to AD 1500, known as the Sa Huynh-Kalanay Interaction Sphere (named after the Sa Huỳnh culture and the Kalanay Cave of Masbate, Philippines). It was mainly between Sa Huỳnh and the Philippines, but also extended into archaeological sites in Taiwan, Southern Thailand, and northeastern Borneo. It is characterized by shared red-slipped pottery traditions, as well as double-headed and penannular ornaments known as lingling-o made from materials like green jade (sourced from Taiwan), green mica (from Mindoro), black nephrite (from Hà Tĩnh) and clay (from Vietnam and the Northern Philippines). Sa Huynh also produced beads made from glass, carnelian, agate, olivine, zircon, gold and garnet; most of whom use materials that are also imported. Han dynasty-style bronze mirrors were also found in Sa Huynh sites. ==Timeline of Iron age==

ImageSize = width:800 height:80 PlotArea = width:720 height:55 left:65 bottom:20 AlignBars = justify Colors = id:time value:rgb(0.7,0.7,1) # id:period value:rgb(1,0.7,0.5) # id:age value:rgb(0.95,0.85,0.5) # id:era value:rgb(1,0.85,0.5) # id:eon value:rgb(1,0.85,0.7) # id:filler value:gray(0.8) # background bar id:black value:black Period = from:-1300 till:500 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:500 start:-1300 ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:100 start:-1300 PlotData = align:center textcolor:black fontsize:8 mark:(line,black) width:15 shift:(0,-5) bar:Vietnam color:era from: -771 till: -221 shift:(0,5) text:Sa Huỳnh culture from: -221 till: 500 shift:(0,4) text:Óc Eo culture bar:Vietnam color:filler from: -221 till: 500 shift:(0,-7) text:Imperial Vietnam bar: Philippines color:era bar:Philippines color:filler from: -108 till: -18 shift:(0,5) text:Ancient Barangay from: -18 till: 500 text:Archaic epoch bar: Indonesia color:era from: -500 till: -108 text:Prehistory of Indonesia bar:Indonesia color:filler from: -108 till: -18 shift:(0,4) text:Buni culture from: -18 till: 500 text:Early Kingdoms :::Dates are approximate, consult particular article for details ::: Prehistoric (or Proto-historic) Iron Age Historic Iron Age ==Artifacts==

File:Bronze weapon Sa Huynh Culture.JPG|Bronze dagger File:Pottery vase Sa Huynh Culture.JPG|Pottery vase File:Pottery fruit tray Sa Huynh Culture 2.JPG|Pottery fruit tray File:Pottery burial jar Sa Huynh Cultue.JPG|Pottery burial jar File:Three node pendant (Jade), Artefacts of Phu Hoa site(Dong Nai province).JPG|Jade penannular lingling-o File:Bicephalous pendant (Jade), Artefacts of Phu Hoa site(Dong Nai province) 01.jpg|Jade double-headed lingling-o ==See also==