California State University, Sacramento

Early years The efforts to get a four-year university in Sacramento date back to the 1920s; however, legislation repeatedly failed. Local supporters blamed "pork barrel politics" by Bay Area legislators trying to monopolize higher education. Sacramento State was formally established in 1947 through legislation by State Senator Earl D. Desmond, by playing hardball to get it done – convincing the Senate's finance committee to withhold funding for the University of California until he had a commitment. Later on, Desmond eventually had 11 children and grandchildren graduate from the college. In December 1952, the school left the Sacramento City College property and moved to its permanent location on the banks of the American River. On February 9, 1953, the then 289-acre campus opened to approximately 2,400 students with a parade through town called "GO EAST WITH WEST", in reference to President West. The vote expressed anger over the President's handling of finances, including a $6.5 million structural deficit the university is facing. They also accused him of pumping money into student recruitment and promotion rather than academic affairs. In response to the vote Gonzalez publicly replied, "in the 28 years I have been a part of the California State University...I have yet to encounter the level of incivility, mean-spiritedness and outright distortion that I have found among some members of the Sacramento State community. It embarrasses and saddens me." Similarly in 2011, then Sacramento State Police Chief Daniel Davis also received a "No Confidence" vote by 14 out of 15 sworn in officers. The vote came amid seven alleged sexual assaults that occurred the prior fall semester. This was also the second time the police force voiced concerns about the police chief's mismanagement. Today Sacramento State is organized into seven academic colleges and a college of continuing education. The university is also a member of the consortium that operates Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, offering curricula in marine sciences. In keeping with its proximity to a burgeoning electronics industry, the university is developing expanded applications of technology to learn through computerized and televised instruction over a wide area of Northern California. The university reached an important strategic milestone. Sacramento State launched Destination 2010, an initiative focused on creating excellent academic programs, new student facilities and a more welcoming campus culture and environment. During that time, the campus constructed the four-story Academic Information Research Center, Parking Structure III (which at 3,000 spaces is the largest in the CSU system), the new Hornet Bookstore, Eli and Edythe Broad Athletic Fieldhouse, and the American River Courtyard residence hall (with 600 beds). • Riverview Hall: Opened in August 2017, the $53 million residence hall is home to 416 first- and second-year students. It was built to LEED Gold specifications. • Parking Structure 5: $42 million. Parking for 1,750 vehicles. It is one of the first in the CSU. • Hornet Commons Residence Hall: As part of an ongoing effort to provide more on-campus housing, this $164 million housing project for upper-division students boasts 284 apartments and 1,100 beds in a six four-story buildings surrounding a swimming pool and a resident's common building. It was completed in fall 2021. Many prominent people have lectured or performed at Sacramento State, including Martin Luther King Jr. (1967), Jimi Hendrix (1968), Genesis (1992, "largest concert ever ... the first and last to play" in Hornet Stadium), Sheryl Crow (1995), Jesse Jackson (1998), Woody Harrelson (2001), Oliver Stone (2006), John Kerry (2004), Wangari Maathai (2009), Maya Soetoro-Ng (2009) and Chuck D (2010). Doctoral degrees In 1999, Sacramento State was given authority to award its first ever Doctoral degree, unique at the time in the California State University System. In the past, authority to award any sort of degree beyond Master's in California's higher public education was given solely to the University of California. The program would be a joint PhD in history with the University of California, Santa Barbara. However, this program later phased out due to declining enrollment. The university was given authority again to award its first ever Doctorate in Education (Ed.D.) degree in 2007, with its first graduating class in 2010. Since its establishment, the program has branched into several focuses offering different types of degrees. In 2012, the university was accredited to award its first Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT), with the first class entering in fall of 2012. The program is highly competitive, with over 400 applications for just 32 seats. This program eventually will fade out the Master's in Physical Therapy by 2015, following standards set by the Commission on Accreditation in Physical Therapy Education. In 2019, the university added its most recent doctoral degree, a Doctor of Audiology (Au.D). Sacramento State is one of four CSUs to receive approval of the proposed doctorate of audiology degree along with San Jose, Northridge, and Los Angeles. Renaming In 2004, the university re-branded itself as Sacramento State, or Sac State for short, though students had been referring to the school as "Sac State" for years. The formal name is California State University, Sacramento. The university's marketing unit discourages the use of CSUS, Cal State Sacramento, Sacramento State University, CSU Sacramento and CS Sacramento, even though the university's web address is csus.edu. The university also adopted a new logo and seal that replaced the previous design based on the Seal of California. In addition, the exact shades of Sacramento State's colors of green and gold were formalized in the 2005 Style Guide. ==Admissions and enrollment==

Fall Statistics Some 44,733 students applied to Sacramento State for the fall 2019 semester, marking the record number of applications in one semester. Following a CSU-wide trend, the university has seen growth over the past few years in the number of applications. The campus is consistently one of the top three destinations among all universities in the state for California Community College transfer, welcoming more than 4,300 new students each academic year. Sacramento State historically attempts to admit the top 1/3 of California high school graduates. For students entering fall 2018, 19,653 freshmen were accepted out of 27,105 applicants, a 72.5% acceptance rate. Enrolled freshmen had an average high school GPA of 3.4. For transfer students, Sacramento State accepted 11,248 of 13,578 applicants in the fall of 2018, an 82.8% acceptance rate. The average transfer GPA for fall 2018 was 3.2. ==Campus==

On-campus As the sixth-largest campus of the 23 state universities in California, the main campus is composed of in the city of Sacramento and lies adjacent to U.S. Route 50. The campus is bordered by the American River to the East, Union Pacific Railroad tracks to the West, Folsom Boulevard to the South and H Street to the North. The North end of campus is dominated by the University Arboretum, and residence halls. Officially "Tree Campus USA" by the Arbor Day Foundation, Sacramento State has more than 3,500 trees, with flower gardens, miles of trails stretching along the nearby river parkway, and student housing with recreational areas such as Lake Natoma and Old Sacramento, in addition to its on-campus housing. Guy West Bridge, a pedestrian bridge inspired by the Golden Gate Bridge, spans the nearby American River. There are more than 30 research and community service centers on campus such as the Center for California Studies, the Institute for Social Research, the Center for Collaborative Policy, the Center for Small Business, and the Office of Water Programs. At the northeastern edge of campus are the dormitories which can currently accommodate 1,700 students. Southwest of the campus is the Upper Eastside Lofts located near the light rail station at Folsom Boulevard and 65th Street and is owned by University Enterprises. The lofts can accommodate an additional 443 students and is a short walk from campus via Hornet Tunnel. The university also purchased a piece of land south of the campus, Romana Site, and plans to construct housing for faculty and students in an apartment style housing complex that will be a close walk to campus. The Port of Sacramento Japanese School (ポート･オブ･サクラメント補習授業校 Pōto obu Sakuramento Hoshū Jugyō Kō), a weekend supplementary Japanese school, holds its classes in Amador Hall. The school's committee is located in Roseville. Library Student Housing The Housing complex houses approximately 2,129 students consisting of five three-story Residence Halls Riverview Hall, and the American River Courtyard, surrounding a central Dining Commons (DC) and quad area. Off-campus Sacramento State Aquatic Center Located on Lake Natoma, east of the university right next to Nimbus Dam, the Sacramento State Aquatic Center is a cooperative operation of the Associated Students of California State University, Sacramento, University Union of Sacramento State, California Department of Boating and Waterways, and the California Department of Parks and Recreation. The center was established in 1981 and has provided instruction to thousands of students. The center houses the Sacramento State Rowing Team, and is the training destination for many other university rowing teams and clubs. The center hosts several national championships, including the Pac 10 Rowing Championships, Pacific Coast Rowing Championships, NCAA Women's Rowing Championships, IRA National Rowing Championship, and the West Coast Conference Rowing Championship. Julia Morgan House Event and Conference Center Located three miles (5 km) west of Sacramento State and was designed by famous architect Julia Morgan. It was donated to the school in 1966 and was placed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. The school remodeled the house in 2000 honored by the California Heritage Council. Sacramento State uses the home to host lectures, small meetings, conferences, and campus events. ==Academics==

Accreditation Since 1951, the university has been accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges. Sacramento State is a Space-grant university and is an affiliate institution of the National Space Grant College and Fellowship Program, sponsoring an outreach program to girls and minorities for excellency in Engineering and Computer Science. followed by criminal justice with 1,800 students in the department, psychology with 1,600 enrolled, Biological Sciences with over nearly 1,500 students, and Accounting with over 1,200 students. Along with CSUN, it is the only university in California to offer a bachelor's degree in Deaf Studies. The student-to-faculty ratio is about 28 to 1. (22,461 FTE students to 803 FTE faculty). Most transfer students come from two-year colleges, and about 750 international students from 80 nations. Approximately 160 students from India study abroad at the university, the largest country represented. The school has the largest cooperative education program in the entire state. Students from all majors are placed in paid positions while simultaneously receiving academic credit. Many students work in government-related internships and fellowships. Approximately 36% of students work as volunteers. With nearly 1,800 undergraduate and graduate students, its criminal justice program is one of the largest in all of North America. The university along with Chico State offers CSU's only Electronic engineering degree option. Sacramento State is the only campus in the CSU to offer a bachelor's degree in Cinematic Arts, Digital cinematography and professional performance. • The school's bachelor's in gerontology degree is ranked 5th best in the U.S.by College Choice. • Among western regional schools offering some masters programs but few doctorates, U.S. News & World Report in 2021 ranked Sacramento State tied for 43rd overall out of 127 schools, tied for 20th best public school, tied for 24th best college for veterans, and tied for the 46th best undergraduate engineering program in the western United States. • Sacramento State was named one of the 'greenest' campuses in the world. • In March 2018, Sacramento State's Jazz Ensemble was named one of the nation's three best college jazz bands at the Monterey Next Generation Jazz Festival. Downbeat magazine has bestowed two Outstanding Performance awards and another for Outstanding Arrangement to Sac State in its 2018 Student Music Awards of colleges and high schools. • In 2019, Sacramento State's Master of Science in Accountancy program ranked 3rd nationally for Best Online Program and 6th most affordable by OnlineU. ==Economic impact==

The university has a significant impact on the Sacramento Region and California statewide economy. It sustains nearly 9,000 jobs in the region and statewide, generates $816 million to the Sacramento economy, Nearly 36% of students volunteer through the Sacramento State Serves program, committing more than 2 million hours of service each year. ==Research centers and institutes==

The campuses houses over 30 research centers. Notable include: • California Smart Grid Center (engages in automated metering infrastructure) • Archaeological Research Center • Center for African Peace and Conflict Resolution • Center for California Studies (houses Capitol Fellows) • Office of Water Programs • North Central Information Center • Sustainable Technology Optimization Research Center CAMP/HEP Center The College Assistance Migrant Program (CAMP)/High School Equivalent Program is one of nearly 50 federally funded assistance programs that is geared to help migrant or seasonal farm workers (or children of them) not currently enrolled in school achieve the equivalent of a high school diploma and then subsequently obtain employment. Sacramento State current has a 5-year, $2.1 million grant that serves 70 incoming freshman and 300 continuing students each year. The program ensures 90% successfully complete their first academic year, and 90% enroll in their second year of college. The program serves more than 7,000 annually. Capital Fellows Program Sacramento State works with the California State government to host the Capital Fellowship program through the Center for California Studies. The Center administers the Jesse M. Unruh Assembly Fellowship, Executive Fellowship, Judicial Administration Fellowship, and California Senate Fellows programs. These programs, known collectively as the Capital Fellows Programs, are nationally recognized. The 18 Assembly Fellows, 18 Senate Fellows, 18 Executive Fellows and 10 Judicial Administration Fellows receive an outstanding opportunity to engage in public service and prepare for future careers, while actively contributing to the development and implementation of public policy in California. The ranks of former fellows and associates include a Justice of the California Supreme Court, members of the United States Congress and the State Legislature, a deputy director of the Peace Corps, corporate executives, and local government and community leaders. Center for Collaborative Policy The Center provides services for public disputes at the state, regional, and local levels, ranging from conflicts between agencies to multi-party disputes on major policies. Its methods are mediation, negotiation, and consensus-building. It tries to reach solutions satisfying everyone while avoiding traditional adversarial processes. ==Athletics==

The university offers 21 intercollegiate sports. In hopes of expanding its athletics department even further, the university added its 21st sport, Women's Beach Volleyball in the spring of 2013. Sacramento State sports teams participate in NCAA Division I (FCS for College Football). Sacramento State's colors are green and gold, its nickname is Hornets, its commonly used phrase is Stingers Up! and its mascot is Herky the Hornet. Conference breakdowns are as follows: • Mid American Conference (MAC): Football • Big West Conference: Men's Soccer, Men's Basketball, Men's Cross Country, Men's Indoor Track & Field, Men's Golf (effective 2014–15), Men's Tennis, Men's Outdoor Track & Field, Women's Volleyball, Women's Basketball, Women's Cross Country, Women's Indoor Track & Field, Women's Golf, Women's Tennis, Women's Outdoor Track & Field, Women's Soccer, Softball • Western Athletic Conference: Baseball, Women's Gymnastics • American Athletic Conference: Rowing (effective 2014–15) • Northern California Sand Volleyball Consortium: Women's Beach Volleyball Scholarships are offered in all sports. The football and track and field teams compete in Hornet Stadium, baseball at John Smith Field, and the volleyball, men's and women's basketball and gymnastics teams call Colberg Court home, in honor of legendary volleyball coach Debby Colberg. The baseball stadium was renamed John Smith Field in 2011 in honor of the long-time head coach. Most athletic teams compete in the Big Sky Conference. Sacramento State is the only school from California in the Big Sky, which also includes Eastern Washington, Portland State, Idaho State, Northern Colorado, Northern Arizona and Weber State. UC Davis and Cal Poly joined the Big Sky for football only in 2012. In 2013, the women's rowing team was granted access into an NCAA-affiliated conference, Conference USA (C-USA). Previously the team competed in Western Intercollegiate Rowing Association (WIRA) which is not recognized as a conference by the NCAA. Effective for the 2013–14 season, along with San Diego State University, the rowing team transferred into C-USA, with 12 rowing members, increasing competition, and providing eligibility for NCAA Championships nationally. However, the team only competed for one season in C-USA; it will move along with San Diego State to the American Athletic Conference beginning in 2014–15. In 2003 and from 2005 to 2007, the university hosted the NCAA Track and Field Championship at Hornet Stadium. In 2026, the university made the jump to the FBS, joining the Mid-American Conference in football, while other sports joined the Big West Conference. ==Auxiliary organizations==

The California Education Code §89901 identifies auxiliary organizations of the California State University. Sacramento State currently has several auxiliary organizations: Air Force Reserve Officer Training Corps The school hosts Air Force Reserve Officer Training Corps, Detachment 088, which trains US Air Force cadets from Sacramento State and University of California Davis. It is currently the largest Detachment in Northern California. Army Reserve Officer Training Corps ROTC CSU, Sacramento Shoulder sleeve insignia An independent Army ROTC program existed until the 1996 when the program was phased out by California State University, Sacramento President Donald Gerth due to the Army's policy of "Don't ask, don't tell". The program was allowed back onto campus in 1997, due to the possibility of the campus losing federal student aid and research funding. In 2002, the program received the gold MacArthur ROTC Leadership Award. Associated Students Inc. Associated Students Inc. is a nonprofit corporation that provides programs, services, and student government for Sacramento State, in accordance with the California Education Code. ASI is a California recognized 501(c)(3) corporation. Students elect the Board of Directors, which consists of the President, Executive Vice President, Vice President of Finance, Vice President of University Affairs, Vice President of Academic Affairs, a representative from each of the academic colleges, a representative for undeclared students, and a representative for graduate students. ASI has a budget of over $10 million, which is collected through semesterly student fees and revenues generated through its programs: Peak Adventures, Aquatic Center, Children's Center, and ASI student shop. ASI Children's Center Like most other CSUs, ASI offers a unique day care center for faculty, staff, or student's children ages newborn to five years. The ASI Children's Center is accredited by the NAEYC, something that only about 7% of children's centers are endorsed by. Child Development and Teacher Education majors are given the opportunity to work with the Children's Center. Capital Public Radio, Inc. Sacramento State owns and operates multiple public radio stations throughout California in close cooperation with Capital Public Radio. Two of these stations are KXPR and KXJZ, both on FM. KXPR plays classical and jazz music. KXJZ offers local news and talk programming, including several popular shows like "This American Life", "A Prairie Home Companion", "Car Talk" and others. The listener-supported stations broadcast without commercials and with the support of underwriters. Both stations carry programming from National Public Radio. KSSU 1580 AM KSSU 1580AM is a non-profit free format radio station at Sacramento State and part of Associated Students. The radio station has only a 3-watt signal and is not strong enough to broadcast much farther than the campus, but it can be heard all over the world at kssu.com. KSSU is maintained and funded by the Associated Students Inc. KSSU has formed itself into being one of the premier college radio stations in North America. In 2007 the station won music director of the year from the College Music Journal and then returned to New York for the award show in 2008 with 8 nominations for awards by CMJ. In 2008, KSSU was also nominated for College Radio Station of the Year by MTVU. Notable former DJs include actor and international hip hop artist, Only Won who gave credit to KSSU at the 2010 Distinguished Service award for influencing his career in the music industry. State Hornet The State Hornet serves as Sacramento State's student newspaper. The State Hornet publishes 14 or 15 issues each semester and produces content for a daily Web site. The online edition carries the content of the print edition, posted Wednesday mornings, and publishes unique content to the site as generated by the staff. The 1999–2000 staff of the newspaper, led by Editor-in-Chief David Sommers and Faculty Advisor Sylvia Fox, was awarded the National Newspaper Pacemaker Award, considered to be the highest national honor in collegiate journalism and unofficially known as the "Pulitzer Prizes of student journalism." In 2012, the newspaper was placed in the Associated Collegiate Press Pacemaker Finalists category. The newspaper is formally administered by the Department of Communication Studies in the College of Arts and Letters. University Union The CSUS student activity center is the University Union. The University Union is unique in that it is the original building that was first structured in 1972. It has gone under major renovations throughout the years, with the first phase in 1992 that added a large ballroom and space for food vendors and meeting rooms and other extensions. In 1998, the Union underwent another major renovation again, adding another 180,000 square feet for certain University Outlets such as KSSU and Peak Adventures (which have both since moved). In 2012, the Union yet again underwent major renovations, including adding the university operated restaurant Good Eats, new flooring and stage demolition in the Redwood Room, a complete remodel of Round Table Pizza, an addition of the much requested "prayer room" or "quiet room" on the second floor, a complete remodel of the Terminal Lounge on the second floor, and tearing down the University Center Restaurant and building the new Epicure Restaurant. Much is offered, including a large fast food court, a game room, public computers with internet access, free WiFi, conference rooms, the university's main auditoria, a prayer room, and many offices for student organizations including the Pride Center, the State Hornet (student paper), and others. Sac State officials have announced an expansion of The University Union will begin in the first quarter of 2017. This expansion will add 71,000 square feet of space consisting of "a storefront for Peak Adventures (currently located at The WELL), a premium Starbucks venue, meeting and conference spaces for student groups and other organizations, additional restrooms, a study lounge, food-service storage, expanded casual seating, and an outdoor seating/pavilion area" according to the school website. Due to lack of space and overcrowding over the years, students have requested expanding the University Union. This expansion was funded with student fees, the Union WELL Inc., and generated fees; it completed in August 2018. ==Student clubs and organizations==

Sacramento State has a wide selection of social and academic clubs and organizations. Each are dedicated to help students of similar interests bond together by common goals and aspirations. They make up a wide range of opportunities to be involved. They often represent national, international, local and regional organizations. Some also promote certain cultures or multiculturalism as well as political and recreational. Clubs and organizations are overseen by Student Organizations & Leadership. In fall 2012, approximately 7% of undergraduate men (or 774 students) were part of fraternities while 5% of undergraduate women (or 725 students) were part of sororities for a total of about 1,500 Greeks (the largest class to date). In 2014, the CSU removed recognition from certain religious organizations that had policy conflicts with a state-mandated nondiscrimination policy. The new policy stated that religious clubs must allow any student eligibility to participate as a student leader regardless of beliefs. Both CRU and Intervarsity, as of fall 2015, came to an agreement with the Chancellor that allowed them to return to campus, while allowing them to maintain their religious beliefs. ==Transportation==

University Transportation and Parking Services (UTAPS), an auxiliary of Sacramento State, operates its own buses known as the Hornet Shuttle, providing several lines around the campus running approximately 7:30 am until 5:00 pm in conjunction with Sacramento Regional Transit District. The Hornet Line serves the south end of the university, university/65th Light-Rail Station, and newly added Folsom Hall, the Green Line serves the College Town/La Riviera District and the east end of Campus, while the Gold Line runs all the way to the Fair Oaks district and the Arden Fair Mall. UTAPS also runs night shuttle for students, providing point-to-point service from dusk to 11:00 pm. The university has a bus terminal station at the north end of campus, which serves as a major stop for Sacramento Regional Transit. RT provides bus services to downtown (Route 30), Midtown/Sutter District (Route 34), American River College/Watt (Route 82), Marconi/Arcade Light-Rail Station (Route 87), seven days a week departing approximately every 10 minutes. The university is located about 1/2-mile from University/65th Street station on the SacRT light rail system, just south of the campus. Sacramento State students can use these resources, including LRT, for free with their student One Card. Plans have been in the works for the university to operate its own streetcar bus rapid transit (BRT) system, looping around the perimeter of the campus and back to University/65th Street station. However this has been set back due to budget constraints. The Sacramento light rail system was originally proposed to run through the library quad, but then-president Donald Gerth vetoed the proposal over concerns for student safety. The school is situated just north of US 50 and is accessible by two exits – 65th St. and Howe Avenue. ==Notable people==

The university has conferred over 250,000 degrees since its establishment. File:Tom Hanks face.jpg|Tom Hanks, Academy Award Winning Actor File:Mahmoud Vaezi 2018.jpg|Mahmoud Vaezi, Chief of staff of the president of Iran File:Melissa Hurtado.jpg|Melissa Hurtado, California State Senator File:Ryan Coogler Deauville 2013 (cropped).jpg|Ryan Coogler, Academy Award Nominated Director File:Creed Bratton.jpg|Creed Bratton, American actor and musician File:Brian Posehn Get Smart premiere arrival.jpg|Brian Posehn, Comedian File:Buck Martinez speaking at SABR convention 2014.jpg|Buck Martinez, Toronto Blue Jays manager File:Ann Bannon in 1983.jpg|Ann Bannon, author best known for lesbian pulp fiction novels File:Joseph DeAngelo mugshot.jpg|Joseph DeAngelo, the Golden State Killer University presidents • Guy A. West (1947–1965) • F. Blair Mayne (1965) • Stephen L. Walker (1965–1966) • Robert Johns (1966–1969) • Otto Butz (1969–1970) • Bernard L. Hyink (1970–1972) • James G. Bond (1972–1978) • W. Lloyd Johns (1978–1983) • Austin J. Gerber (1983–1984) • Donald R. Gerth (1984–2003) • Alexander Gonzalez (2003–2015) • Robert S. Nelsen (2015–2023) • J. Luke Wood (2023–) ==See also==