Sarkar is one of the founders of systematic conservation planning within
conservation biology, promoting the use of multi-criteria decision analysis and supervising the creation of the ConsNet decision support system. In this context he has advocated participatory
environmental planning and strongly criticized the imposition of authoritarian and discriminatory environmental policies on local residents. His laboratory also works on a suite of neglected tropical diseases (or
diseases of poverty) including
Chagas disease,
dengue,
leishmaniasis, and tick-borne diseases. In the philosophy of biology, Sarkar is known for his work on
reductionism and criticism of hereditarian thinking in biology as well as the use of informational concepts in
molecular biology. In the philosophy of physics Sarkar is known for controversially defending the conventionalism of simultaneity in special relativity (with
John Stachel) and suggesting a stochastic modification of
quantum dynamics. Earlier in his career he worked in mathematical population genetics where, in collaboration with Wing Ma and Guido Sandri, he was responsible for the standard recursion relation to compute the
Luria–Delbrück distribution in bacterial genetics. Sarkar is also a noted critic of
creationism and
intelligent design and played an important role in combating attempts to introduce creationism into high school curricula in
Texas. ==Allegations of sexual misconduct==