}} Work on the C5 program began to eventually replace the
light cruisers, which were due for replacement from 1946, as stipulated in the London Naval Treaty of 1930 that all cruisers over 3,000 tons could not be replaced until twenty years from their date of commission. With the typically required year of design work and four to five years to build a cruiser in France, preliminary design work began in the spring of 1939 by the STCN (Service technique des constructions navales). French Navy officials in the late 1930s, in addition to their concern over the growth of the
Italian Regia Marina, were also influenced by the news of
Germany laying down five (nominally)
10,000-ton heavy cruisers armed with 20.3 cm guns which further impelled the need for newer, more heavily armed cruisers. The new 1939 program was given the designation 'C5', following the French navy nomenclature for cruisers since 1926 (a 'C' designation with numbers in sequence, starting with as 'C1', to as 'C4').
Design and development Little remains of the original documentation for the C5 program but a document from 12 May 1939 listed two plans (likely) for competitive evaluation. One plan was to be called A3 for "
Aviation 3", with two
seaplanes. The second plan was to be called SA1 for "
Sans-Aviation 1" that was proposed without naval aviation facilities. Both designs would be based on
Algérie, such as a
flush deck,
bridge tower structure and protection. The major innovation of the C5 over the C4 was the adoption of three triple mounted
guns., which was influenced by the
De Grasse-class light cruisers. This gave the C5, not only a single gun advantage over most contemporary heavy cruiser designs, which usually had an eight gun 4 × 2 gun configuration, but also reduced the necessary centreline length required by eliminating one turret. This allowed for additional
anti-aircraft guns (in the case of the SA1 design) or an enlarged seaplane hangar (in the case of the A3 design). The C5 program also required the incorporation of two newly developed anti-aircraft systems, the
dual-purpose Canon de 100 mm Modèle 1933, which would never see service (it was also planned for the
De Grasse-class light cruisers and the s), and the advanced
Canon de 37 mm Modèle 1935 ACAD (
automatique contre-avions double). The ACAD was a fully automatic twin 37 mm gun system, loaded from an underground ammunition lobby beneath the fully enclosed power-trained (but not elevated) turret. Firing from six-round magazines, the guns fired high-sensitivity projectiles 825 mps at 165-172 rounds per minute with a firing pressure of 3,000 kg/cm. This high rate of fire and high pressure on the gun also meant the ACAD had a very short barrel life of approximately 600 rounds. To eliminate issues of flash and vibration in aiming experienced by on-mount sights, the guns were directed by a 2-metre rangefinger mounted a separate fire control tower which aimed and fired the gun. A single gun prototype of the ACAD was mounted on in 1939 which provided covering anti-aircraft fire for retreating
British Expeditionary Force during the
Battle of Dunkirk.
A3 and SA1 The primary difference between the A3 and SA1 designs was the use of space aft of the ship's funnel. The "A3" design utilized this space for two
Loire 130 and two seaplane catapults, with a lift and rest position between them. A rotating platform between the catapults also allowed the seaplanes on trolleys to be manoeuvred directly onto the catapult without the use of cranes. This was the same system on the
De Grasse and es. Twin cranes were to be used to recover the seaplanes from the water. The "SA1" plan conversely did not possess any aircraft facilities. Instead the space where the A3 design used as aircraft facilities was used for two more 37 mm ACAD turrets and two more twin 100 mm/45 positions. Absent from the A3 design, four quadruple
Hotchkiss M1929 machine gun positions were located on the corners of the shelter deck, as with the
Algérie. These significantly increased the SA1 anti-aircraft capabilities over the A3 design. The trade-off between the designs was an increase in internal volume needed for the additional 100 and 37 mm armoured ammunition magazines by 3.5 m and increasing the weight of the SA1 design by over 100 tons. The additional anti-aircraft guns would also require more crew and accommodations than the aviation focused A3 design. ==
Saint-Louis==