Early years The suburb was the location of the
Battle of the Faubourg St Antoine on 2 July 1652. In the 17th century, according to Piganiol de La Force, "The Faubourg Saint-Antoine increased prodigiously from the large number of houses that were built there, both because of the good air and because of the king's letters patent of 1657, which exempted from the qualification of mastership all artisans and tradespeople who lived there." Firewood and construction timber from higher up the
Seine was unloaded at the nearby Quai de la Rapée on the
Île Louviers and stored in the
faubourg, leading to development of woodworking crafts. Skilled Flemish and German artisans, often Protestant, moved to the faubourg and worked as carvers, gilders, polishers, turners and cabinetmakers.
Jean-Baptiste Colbert established the royal mirror factory on the rue de Reuilly. The factory of
Jean-Baptiste Réveillon on the rue de Montreuil on part of the site of the former
Folie Titon became the royal wallpaper factory under
Louis XVI. In April 1789 the contractor running the Réveillon factory sparked a riot by threatening to cut wages. The factory was badly damaged, troops were brought in and several dozen people were killed.
French Revolution During the
French Revolution (1789–99) the
faubourg was given the name "Faubourg-de-Gloire". The faubourg gained a reputation for turbulence during the revolution, starting with the
storming of the Bastille on 14 July 1789. The people of the Quinze-Vingts and Montreuil sections took part in the
insurrection of 10 August 1792, and that of 2 June 1793 that caused to
Girondins to fall from power. The
revolt of 1 Prairial Year III began in the faubourg, and was savagely repressed.
19th century In 1808 there were 750 workers, mostly children, in the rue de Charonne spinning mills of François Richard-Lenoir (1765–1839) and Joseph Lenoir-Dufresne (1768–1806), housed in a former convent. The machines were horse-powered. In the
uprising of June 1848 the Faubourg Saint-Antoine was the last to capitulate, after being heavily shelled by artillery from the Bastille area and then attacked by troops from the Popincourt quarter, with many casualties, in the morning of June 26, 1848. The Faubourg Saint-Antoine, controlled by the Reuilly barracks, was densely populated with people of the working and "dangerous" classes. Baron
Georges-Eugène Haussmann wanted to ensure that an insurrection could easily be suppressed. He proposed to
Napoleon III to lower the level of the Canal Saint-Martin and cover it so it could be crossed by the Boulevard de la Reine-Hortense (now the
Boulevard Richard-Lenoir). He said, "I have rarely seen my august sovereign enthusiastic. This time he was so without reserve, so great an importance did he place ... on the work by means of which I proposed to remove the permanent obstacle ... to the line of control from which one could, in case of need, take the Faubourg Saint-Antoine from the rear." Haussmann split the faubourg between the 11th and 12th arrondissements and replaced the street names with numbers, but the inhabitants continued to use the old names. The former faubourg retained its revolutionary character after it had been formally dissolved. According to
Daniel Halévy, File:L'abbaye Saint Antoine des Champs.jpg|Abbey of
Saint-Antoine-des-Champs File:Plan de Paris vers 1550 porte St-Antoine.jpg|Porte St-Antoine File:Episode of the Fronde at the Faubourg Saint-Antoine by the Walls of the Bastille.png|
Battle of the Faubourg St Antoine by the Walls of the Bastille in 1652 File:Montgolfiere 1783.jpg|Tethered balloon rises from the papeterie Réveillon (19 October 1783) ==In popular culture==