such as in 1795, highlighting the Eyalet of Tripolitania
Early settlement Local people are mentioned in some Roman accounts of Catabathmus Maior/Magnus (referring to the local, obstructive ridge to east–west land trade,
ʿAqaba as-Sallūm or more commonly today
ʿAqaba al-Kabīr, literally 'the great pass.' It may have been Plynos Limen and Tetrapyrgia mentioned in less context-clear early courses. Sallum was the origin for many eastward migrations to
Egypt Eyalet and
Bilad al-Sham. During the 19th century, one family migrated first to
Tafilah in southern
Jordan, and thence to the region of
Jaffa. They settled in ancient village of Mulabbis, and lived there for several generations until the establishment of
Petah Tikva, the first
Zionist colony, in 1878.
Sovereignty and battles Sallum was part of the
Eyalet then Vilayet of Tripolitania, 1551–1911, the year before its fall mainly to
Italy. That year, during the
Italo-Turkish War, an
Anglo-Egyptian force took over it, relieving its garrison, to prevent it from falling into Italian hands. When the border between
Italian Libya and Egypt was settled by treaty in 1925, Sallum was placed on the Egyptian side. During the
Senussi Campaign of
World War I, Sallum was captured by the
Senussi in November 1915 with
Ottoman and
German assistance. It was re-taken by the British in March 1916. In December 1941, during
Operation Crusader in
World War II (and the two other operations affecting nearby
Halfaya Pass), Sallum was the location of fighting between the
British Empire with
allied Commonwealth forces against
German with
Italian forces; the latter were retreating from gains they had made deeper into Egypt. The
Halfaya Sollum War Cemetery was established by the
Commonwealth War Graves Commission to inter over 2,000 soldiers who died in the region. On July 21, 1977, Libya attacked Sallum, initiating the first clash in the
Libyan-Egyptian War.
Solar eclipse Sallum was a destination in the total
solar eclipse on March 29, 2006 among expeditions. ==Climate==