Salsola kali

The species was first described in 1753 as Salsola kali by Carl Linnaeus in Species Plantarum. Until 2007, it belonged to genus Salsola (sensu lato), but after molecular genetical research, it was proposed that the genus be split, and the species placed into the genus Kali Mill. (syn. Salsola sect. Kali Dum.). In the genus Kali, the valid name is Kali turgidum (Dumort.) Guterm. (incorrectly as "turgida", basionym: Salsola turgida Dumort.). The name Kali soda Moench used by Akhani et al. (2007) is invalid because of the older name Kali soda Scop. (a synonym of Salsola soda). , Plants of the World Online subsumed all Kali species into Salsola. Salsola kali belongs to tribe Salsoleae s. str. Some authors treat these species only on subspecies level. Then Salsola kali would be the valid name for the whole species complex, and the former Kali turgidum would be a subspecies of it. a common weed of disturbed habitats, commonly known as prickly Russian thistle, windwitch, common saltwort, or tumbleweed. • Salsola kali subsp. kali, syn. Kali turgidum, now simply treated as ''Salsola kali, == Alkali and soda ash ==

The plant is a halophyte, i.e. it grows where the water is salty, and the plant is a succulent, i.e. it holds much salty water. When the plant is burned, the sodium in the salt ends up in the chemical sodium carbonate. Sodium carbonate has a number of practical uses, including especially as an ingredient in making glass, and making soap. In the medieval and early modern centuries the Kali plant and others like it were collected at tidal marshes and seashores. The collected plants were burned. The resulting ashes were mixed with water. Sodium carbonate is soluble in water. Non-soluble components of the ashes sank to the bottom of the water container. The water with the sodium carbonate dissolved in it was then transferred to another container, and then the water was evaporated off, leaving behind the sodium carbonate. Another major component of the ashes that is soluble in water is potassium carbonate. The resulting product consisted mainly of a mixture of sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate. This product was called "soda ash" (was also called "alkali"). Soda ash extracted from the ashes of Salsola kali contains as much as 30% sodium carbonate. The soda ash was used primarily to make glass (secondarily used as a cleaning agent). Another notable halophilic plant that was collected for the purpose was Soda inermis (syn. Salsola soda). Another was Halogeton sativus. Historically in the late medieval and early post-medieval centuries the word "kali" could refer to any such plants. (The words "alkali" and "kali" come from the Arabic word for soda ash, , where is the definite article.) Today such plants are also called saltworts, referring to their relatively high salt content. Because of their use historically in making glass, they are also called glassworts. In Spain the saltwort plants were called barilla and were the basis of a large industry in Spain in the 18th century; see barilla. In the early 19th century, plant sources were supplanted by synthetic sodium carbonate produced using the Leblanc process. == See also ==