Following his graduation Sharaf joined the army. He was primarily in charge of the security of the President Gamal Abdel Nasser being one of Nasser's personal support personnel. Sharaf's tenure ended on 13 May 1971 when he resigned from office. Sharaf was sentenced to death, but in December 1971 his sentence was reduced to life imprisonment. He was released from the prison on 15 May 1981. Sharaf was among the cofounders of the
Arab Democratic Nasserist Party, but later he left it.{{cite news|author=Gamal Nkrumah|title=Shadows of the Revolution. Sami Sharaf|url=https://elw3yalarabi.org/samy-sharaf/SMY-Ahram-Weekly-UK1.html Sharaf was an anti-communist and supported the establishment of a capitalist state.{{cite journal|author=Ibrahim G. Aoudé|title=From national bourgeois development to Infitah: Egypt 1952-1992|journal=
Arab Studies Quarterly|date=Winter 1994|volume=16|issue=1|page=11 Sharaf published a book on his memoirs,
Sanawat wa ayam ma‘ Jamal ‘Abd al Nasir: Shahadat Sami Sharaf, in 2006.{{cite journal|page=10 ==Personal life and death==