MarketSamuel Birch (British Army officer)
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Samuel Birch (British Army officer)

Major-General Samuel Birch was a British Army officer who served as the commandant of New York City during the American Revolution. He helped free and shelter thousands of slaves as recorded in the Book of Negroes. Birch was the commander of the 17th Regiment of (Light) Dragoons, the only British cavalry regiment in North America. He participated in most of the significant engagements in the north. He is known for leading the failed attempt to kidnap George Washington.

Career
, Boston Birch initially served in the 11th Dragoons during the Seven Years' War. Under the command of John Hale, Birch served as Captain in the newly formed 17th Regiment of (Light) Dragoons in 1759. The regiment was stationed in Scotland for three years. In 1771, as Major Birch, he fell under the command of George Preston. On 24 April 1773 he became commissioned as a Lieut. Colonel. After the war, the regiment was stationed in Ireland for 11 years. The regiment was sent to North America in 1775, arriving in Boston, then besieged by American rebels in the American Revolutionary War. Birch fought in the Battle of Bunker Hill, a costly British victory, in June 1775. On 27 October 1775, Birch and his regiment famously rode their horses to disrupt the gatherings of patriots in Boston’s Old South Meeting House. The regiment was part of the evacuation of Boston in 1776 and was withdrawn to Halifax for two months. In June 1776, Birch was given command of the regiment and arrived at Staten Island, attached to the Highland Brigade under Brigadier-General Sir William Erskine. He fought at the Battle of Long Island in August 1776 at the Battle of White Plains in October 1776 and at the Battle of Fort Washington in November 1776. It was in action again at the Battle of Forts Clinton and Montgomery in October 1777, the Battle of Crooked Billet in May 1778 and the Battle of Barren Hill later that month. He then led the 2nd Division in the Battle of Monmouth. In 1780, serving under the command of Colonel George Preston, Birch became commandant of New York City. On August 21, 1783, Birch left New York. (General Thomas Musgrave would sign his name to more than 340 additional emancipation certificates before the last Black Loyalist had set sail for Nova Scotia on November 30, 1783.) After the war, the regiment returned to Ireland (1784). They were under the command of Thomas Gage (1783–1784). He remained in the 17th Regiment as a Lieutenant Col. in 1785 – 1793 under Col. Thomas, Earl of Lincoln. The Regiment was posted to Jamaica and he became a Major General (1790). == Family ==
Family
Birch's great grandfather was Major Samuel Birch and his great, great uncle was Col. John Birch. Birch was the son of Samuel Birch (1690–1757) of Lower Ardwick and Elizabeth Hill (1704–1782) of Manchester. Samuel Sr. was a High Sheriff of Lancashire he also donated the site for the St. Thomas Chapel, Ardwick (1740) (present-day St. Thomas Centre). Birch was baptised at Gorton Chapel (1735). His father's will left the manors of Upper and Lower Ardwick to his son Thomas, who then willed them to his brother Samuel. Samuel owned them for 15 years (1780–1795). In 1795, Birch sold his properties to William Horridge, which was legally contested (Watson v. Birch). The sale of the estates in 1795 is that last known record of Birch other than that he died January 1811 at age 76, without marrying or having children. == Legacy ==
Legacy
• Birch is the namesake of Birchtown, Nova Scotia and Birchtown, Guysborough County, Nova Scotia • Namesake of Birch Street, Digby, Nova Scotia ==See also==
Links
• Proclamations by Samuel Birch (1780–1781) ==Notes==
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