He was born at
Mansfield on 8 January 1733, eldest son of Robert Hallifax, apothecary, and by Hannah, daughter of Samuel Jebb of the same town. Robert Hallifax, M.D. (1735–1810), who was physician to the future George IV, was a younger brother.
Sir Richard Jebb and
John Jebb were his first cousins. After attending the grammar school of Mansfield, Hallifax was admitted to
Jesus College, Cambridge, as an ordinary
sizar 21 October 1749, and was elected to a closed scholarship. In January 1754 he graduated B.A., when he was third
wrangler in mathematics, and won the chancellor's gold medal for classics, and in 1755 and 1756 he carried off one of the members' prizes. He was elected foundation scholar on 16 February 1754, and admitted to a fellowship on 22 June 1756. Next year he proceeded M.A., and before resigning his fellowship at Jesus College, early in 1760, held the college offices of praelector, dean, tutor, steward, and rental bursar. On migrating to
Trinity Hall Hallifax was elected to a fellowship (3 April 1760), became its tutor; he was noted for his harshness towards
Samuel Heywood, a Unitarian. He took the degree of LL.D. in 1764. He was presented to the rectory of
Cheddington,
Buckinghamshire, 30 November 1765, and held it until 1777, but continued to reside at Cambridge, and retained his fellowship until 1 November 1775. When the chair of Arabic became vacant in January 1768, Hallifax, then deputy of
William Ridlington, professor of civil law, defeated his cousin, John Jebb, who had studied Arabic for some time, in the contest for the Arabic chair. He held as sinecures for two years the positions of
Sir Thomas Adams's Professor of Arabic and
Lord Almoner's Professor of Arabic (1768–70); and fell out with John Jebb. Their differences were aggravated in 1772 on the attempt to abolish subscription to the
Thirty-nine Articles by clergymen and members of the universities, when some letters signed 'Erasmus' in the newspapers, in favour of subscription, were generally ascribed to Hallifax. He was attacked by
Ann Jebb with such wit and sarcasm that he is said to have called on Wilkie, her publisher, to request him not to print any more of her writings. They were again at odds in 1774, when Jebb carried his grace for a syndicate to promote annual examinations. From 1770 to 1782 Hallifax held the
regius professorship of civil law at Cambridge. He was created chaplain in ordinary to the king in February 1774, and D.D. by royal mandate in 1775. When Francis Topham vacated his position as
master of faculties at
Doctors' Commons, Hallifax succeeded to the post (1770). In 1778 Mrs. Gally, for his services to religion, rewarded him with the rectory of
Warsop, Nottinghamshire, where he made the parish choir famous for miles round. His candidature in 1779 for the mastership of
St Catharine's College, Cambridge, was unsuccessful. On 27 October 1781 he was consecrated
bishop of Gloucester, and on 4 April 1789 he was confirmed as
bishop of St Asaph, apparently the first English bishop who had been translated to a Welsh see. He died of
kidney stones at Dartmouth Street, Westminster, on 4 March 1790. His wife, whom he married in October 1775, was Catherine, second daughter of
William Cooke,
dean of Ely. Their surviving issue was one son and six daughters; the widow is said to have received a pension from George III.
John Milner suggested in his
End of Religious Controversy that Hallifax died a Catholic; he was contradicted in the
British Critic April 1825, and
Samuel Parr discussed the matter and Hallifax in detail. ==Works==