Bates then relocated to
Meadville, Pennsylvania where, from 1853 to 1858, he taught ancient languages. During the latter four years of his tenure, he also designed and presented professional development classes for his colleagues. On August 18, 1856, Samuel P. Bates wed Sarah Josephine Bates (1836–1907) in Bellingham,
Norfolk County, Massachusetts. A fellow native of Massachusetts, she was a daughter of John Bates and Sarah Prince (Fisher) Bates. The birth of Samuel and Sarah's son, Edward T. (1857-1899), at their Meadville home in 1857 was followed by the births of: Arthur Laban (1859–1934) on June 6, 1859; Gertrude Louise (1865–1930) on April 16, 1865; Josephine (1867–1963) on June 23, 1867; Alfred John (1870–1933) on November 13, 1870; Walter Irving (1873–1934) on June 15, 1873; and Florence Bates (1878–1949) on June 9, 1878. Elected as the superintendent of schools for Crawford County in 1857, he served a three-year term during which he became known and respected statewide for his views on public education. By 1860, he and his family were documented on the 1860 U.S. Census as living in Meadville's North Ward Borough. Also residing with the family were James Wells and Darwin Finney, two teachers in the Crawford County schools, and Margaret Shisler, a 16-year-old domestic worker. Re-elected in 1860 to a second term as Crawford County's school superintendent, he resigned that same year when he was appointed as deputy state superintendent of schools for the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania under
Governor William F. Packer. During his six-year tenure, Bates restructured state office operations and improved school records maintenance functions statewide while advocating not just for increased teacher training, but for the standardization of that training so that all teachers across the commonwealth received the same basic level of training in their respective subject areas in order to ensure that each Pennsylvania student received a consistent educational experience regardless of his or her place of residence. Although he did not fight in the
American Civil War, Bates' name became one of those most closely associated with his adopted state's involvement in that conflict due to his research and writing about the war's combatants and key battles. According to
Ruth E. Hodge, former associate archivist at the
Pennsylvania State Archives, Bates had abolitionist leanings: Bates made several references to slavery in his sermons, stating one "should patiently and prayerfully study his word and approach the subject (principles) and bigotry and all those hindrances which hampers and bind us to low . . . thought." In such sermons he frequently refer[red] to the overthrow of slavery and the "sin of slavery." Appointed as Pennsylvania's State Historian in 1864 by
Governor Andrew G. Curtin and the
Pennsylvania State Legislature, which had authorized the creation of the position to facilitate the commonwealth's detailed documentation of the role played by Pennsylvania military organizations and their respective members during the
American Civil War, Bates spent the next seven years of his life researching, writing and overseeing the publication of his
History of Pennsylvania Volunteers, 1861-5, at a cost to the state of roughly $250,000. In the opening paragraph of the Preface to the first volume in this series, he observed: So long as differences arise among nations, which cannot be settled by peaceful conference, and appeals are made to the arbitrament of the sword, the only safety that remains to a government is in the courage of its soldiery. In the late sanguinary struggle, the national unity was preserved, and the perpetuity of democratic institutions secured, by the men who bore the musket, and who led in the deadly conflict. Argument and moral sentiment were at fault, diplomacy was powerless, and courage proved the only peacemaker. He then researched and wrote
Lives of the Governors of Pennsylvania, followed by
Martial Deeds of Pennsylvania, and
The History of the Battle of Gettysburg. His
History of the Battle of Chancellorsville was published in 1882. Documented by federal census takers in 1870 and 1880 as still residing in Meadville, those same federal employees described him in 1870 as "State Historian" with combined real estate and personal property valued at $13,000 (1870) and, in 1880, as a "High School Principal." Sometime during the latter part of the 19th century he became a member of the
Grand Army of the Republic, joining through his local post (no. 331) in Meadville. Still residing in Meadville after the turn of the century, he and his son, Arthur were respectively described on the 1900 federal census as a music dealer and lawyer. In 1901, Arthur, a Republican, was then elected to the
United States House of Representatives. Serving in the Fifty-seventh and five subsequent Congresses (from March 4, 1901, to March 3, 1913), he was also appointed as a delegate to the International Peace Conferences at Brussels (1905) and Rome (1911). == Death and interment ==