Rafael Pérez (police officer)

Pérez was born in Humacao, Puerto Rico in 1967 and moved to Brooklyn, New York in 1972; some months later he moved to Paterson, New Jersey, and then he would eventually move to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 1982. Pérez graduated from high school in 1985 and enlisted in the United States Marine Corps, where he was stationed in Maine and California. He was hired by the LAPD after finishing his military service in 1989. Prior to this, he had been passed over for hiring by background investigators from several other departments in Southern California. He also looked and acted in a "gang like" manner. ==Career==

After serving on routine patrol duties, Pérez was transferred to a narcotics unit in 1992. In 1995, he was transferred to Rampart Division and assigned to CRASH, an anti-gang unit given a long leash by the LAPD. Pérez gained a reputation as a tough and effective officer, valued for his fluency in Spanish and his knowledge of L.A.'s gangs. Criminal activities On October 12, 1996, Pérez and his partner Nino Durden shot and framed an unarmed gang member Javier Ovando. Ovando, who was left paralyzed, was sentenced to 23 years in prison based on the officers' false testimony. On November 6, 1997, fellow CRASH officer David Mack and two accomplices stole $722,000 during a robbery at a Bank of America branch near the University of Southern California campus. On August 25, 1998, Pérez, then age 31 and a nine-year veteran of the Los Angeles Police Department, was arrested for stealing of cocaine from a department property room (the theft was originally suspected to be an attempt at framing fellow officer Frank Lyga in retaliation for the shooting of Pérez's friend, Kevin Gaines). The cocaine was estimated to be worth $800,000 on the street. His December 1998 trial ended as a mistrial. To avoid a second trial and the possible conviction of his second wife, who according to authorities may have known about Pérez's illegal activities, on September 8, 1999, he cut a plea bargain with authorities. In his plea bargain he revealed the Rampart scandal in exchange for immunity for his misconduct. ==Criminal charges==

February 2000 In February 2000, Pérez was sentenced to five years in prison for stealing eight pounds of cocaine from an LAPD evidence locker. At his sentencing, Pérez read a statement in which he said, "I cheated on my wife. I cheated on my employer, and I cheated on all of you, the people of Los Angeles". July 24, 2001 release On July 24, 2001, due to his plea bargain Pérez was released from prison and placed on parole. December 17, 2001 – Federal charges Pérez pleaded guilty to new charges resulting from the shooting of Javier Ovando. He was charged with 2 felony counts; (1) conspiracy to violate Ovando's civil rights; (2) Possessing a firearm with an eliminated serial number, the firearm was used as evidence to frame Ovando. He was sentenced on May 6, 2002, to serve two years in federal prison. He was released in June 2004. October 31, 2006 felony count Pérez, who legally changed his name to Ray Lopez, was arrested in July by Department of Motor Vehicles investigators while visiting his federal parole officer in Inglewood. Pérez pleaded no contest to lying on his application for a California driver's license on June 30, 2005. Pérez was sentenced to an additional three years' probation and 300 hours of community service. ==Questions about credibility==

The credibility of Pérez has been undermined by his testimony in several internal affairs investigations in which three officers, including Brian Liddy, were accused of crimes or misconduct, only to subsequently be found not guilty or have the charges against them dropped. Pérez also failed several polygraph tests and made numerous errors during past testimony. The issue of Pérez's credibility has already led to at least 5 cases in which charges were either dropped or the defendant was acquitted. ==Allegations of involvement in the murder of The Notorious B.I.G.==

In March, 1997, Christopher Wallace, who was known as The Notorious B.I.G., was murdered in drive-by shooting in Los Angeles. On April 16, 2007, Wallace's relatives filed a wrongful death suit against the city of Los Angeles, former LAPD officer Rafael Pérez and his partner former Officer Nino Durden, seeking unspecified general, compensatory and punitive monetary damages. The lawsuit was filed in the Los Angeles Superior Court by B.I.G.'s mother Voletta Wallace, his widow Faith Evans, and his two children, CJ and T'yanna. The lawsuit states that Pérez, Nino Durden, their partner former officer David Mack, and "certain unknown persons" were responsible for the death of Christopher Wallace. The rapper was shot to death on March 9, 1997, as he and Sean Combs left the 11th Annual Soul Train Music Awards after-party held at the Petersen Automotive Museum on Wilshire Boulevard in Los Angeles. The lawsuit states the killing was committed "in a very efficient, organized and professional manner, suggesting that a high degree of coordination and planning preceded his murder." The wrongful death lawsuit states that Pérez was a member of "a violent street gang associated with Death Row Records, It was alleged that Pérez was on duty during the night of March 9, 1997 but there was no evidence of that allegation. Christopher Wallace's murder is believed to have been in retaliation for the murder of Tupac Shakur. Tupac Shakur was a member of Death Row Records, run by Marion "Suge" Knight. Knight is known to have hired off-duty Rampart cops for security such as Kevin Gaines, who was shot to death by fellow LAPD officer Frank Lyga on March 18, 1997. Knight, who grew up in Compton, is well known for his ties to the Bloods. Following his arrest, detectives found several photos of Rafael Pérez flashing Blood gang signs. The connection between Pérez and the murder of Christopher Wallace has long been a source of speculation by the LAPD. ==In popular culture==

• The character of Frank Tenpenny, the main antagonist of the 2004 video game Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas "strongly resembles" and is based on Perez. • In the 2001 film Training Day, Denzel Washington said he emulated the style of Rafael Pérez to give authenticity to his portrayal of corrupt LAPD cop Alonzo Harris. The character's vehicle has the license plate ORP 967, which is said to stand for Officer Rafael Pérez, born in 1967. • The television series The Shield is based on the Los Angeles Rampart scandal, and the show's main character, Officer Vic Mackey, is based loosely on Rafael Pérez. • The TV series Mugshots , a crime documentary show from Court TV (now TruTV) released ''Rafael Perez - LAPD's Notorious Cop'' that showcased Pérez's criminal actions. • Pérez is portrayed by Neil Brown Jr. in the 2018 film City of Lies, based on the Rampart scandal and the CRASH officer's alleged involvement in the murder of Biggie Smalls. ==References==