Sanma Province

Sanma Province are subdivided into eleven area councils, which are further subdivided into populated places (i.e.: villages, communities, etc.). • Big Bay Coast Area Council • Big Bay Inland Area Council • Canal Fanafo Area Council • East Malo Area Council • East Santo Area Council • North West Santo Area Council • South East Santo Area Council • South Santo I Area Council • South Santo II Area Council • West Malo Area Council • West Santo Area Council ==Geography==

The territory of Sanma Province covers , of which Espiritu Santo alone accounts for . The province is geologically among the oldest in Vanuatu, with formations dating from the Priabonian to the Middle Miocene. ==Demographics==

In the 2020 census, the province had a population of 61,458 inhabitants, comprising 31,536 males and 29,922 females, with a population density of 15 inhabitants per square kilometer and an annual growth rate of 2.7%. == Economy ==

The economy of Sanma is largely based on subsistence agriculture, with communities cultivating yams, taro, and other root crops, as well as raising cattle, pigs, and chickens. Key cash crops include copra, cacao (for which Sanma is the leading exporter in Vanuatu), and kava. Fishing also provides income, especially on smaller islands. Infrastructure improvements, such as upgrades to Luganville Harbour to accommodate cruise ships, have supported tourism growth. Handicraft sales have increased alongside tourist activity. The informal economy plays a vital role, particularly in rural areas. Traditional agroforestry systems and women’s groups contribute to food security and economic resilience, especially in communities with limited access to formal markets. ==References==