Sant'Agostino, Rome

The former parish of Saint Tryphon in Posterula Church was built at this site in 700 A.D. and was originally dedicated to the martyr Saint Tryphon of Campsada. The Order of Saint Augustine was founded at the Basilica of Santa Maria del Popolo in Rome in 1244. The Augustinian friars soon desired to have their main monastery and church closer to Vatican City. The Roman nobleman Egidio Lufredi donated land near here in Campo Marzio to the Augustinian friars in 1286. On 20 February 1287 Pope Honorius IV granted the St. Tryphon in Posterula Church to the Augustinian friars. The first building structure was commissioned by Pope Boniface VIII, was built here by the Augustinian friars in 1296-1446 right next to the St. Tryphon in Posterula Church. The construction of the second (current) basilica began in 1479. It was commissioned by Pope Sixtus IV; designed by architect Baccio Pontelli (who also designed the Sistine Chapel); and funded by Cardinal Guillaume d'Estouteville. Its construction was completed in 1483. Giacomo di Pietrasanta (?-1495) built its façade by using travertine salvaged from the ruins of the Colosseum. Its façade reads the following: Its first restoration was completed in 1763 by Luigi Vanvitelli; its second restoration was completed in 1870; and its most recent restoration occurred in 1998–2000. The title of Sant'Agostino has been held by Cardinal Jean-Pierre Ricard since 2006. It is the station church of the first Saturday in Lent. ==Artwork==

The 1606 painting Madonna of Loreto (also known as the Madonna of the Pilgrims) by Caravaggio is located in the first chapel on the left. The heirs of Ermete Cavalletti (?-1602) bought the Pieta Chapel on 4 September 1603 and soon commissioned Caravaggio to paint the Madonna for their family's chapel. It was hung in 1606 at the altar in the Cavalletti Chapel (former Pieta Chapel) in place of a Pieta that was sold to Pope Paul V (formerly Cardinal Camillo Borghese). The 1512 fresco Prophet Isaiah by Raphael is located on the third pilaster of the left nave. It was part of the funerary monument of Johannes Goritz (1455–1527; also known as Janus Corycius). Isaiah holds a Hebrew scroll stating: "Open the doors, so that the people who believe may enter." (Isaiah 26:2–3) The statue Saint Anne and Virgin with Child (1512) by Andrea Sansovino is located below Raphael's Isaiah. The 1521 sculpture Madonna del Parto (Our Lady of Childbirth) by Jacopo Sansovino is based, according to a legend, on an ancient statue of Agrippina holding Nero in her arms, is reputed by tradition to work miracles in childbirth. It is located in a niche to the right of the entrance and is surrounded by thank-offerings of flowers and candles. The 1588 frescoes of St. John the Baptist and St. John the Evangelist by Avanzino Nucci are also here. The 1616 ceiling fresco Assumption of Mary and three paintings by Giovanni Lanfranco are located in the Buongiovanni Chapel (in the left transept). The 1600s painting Saints Augustine, John the Evangelist and Jerome by Guercino is also here. The sculpture St. Thomas of Villanova Distributing Alms by Melchiorre Cafà and completed by his mentor Ercole Ferrata is located in the St. Thomas of Villanova Chapel (left end of transept). The etching Charity of St Thomas of Villanova by Cafà himself illustrates this same sculpture. The 1628 High Altar was designed by Orazio Turriani. It was previously (but erroneously) thought that Gian Lorenzo Bernini had designed it. Its nave ceiling fresco was completed in 1868 by Pietro Gagliardi; who also made the 5 prophet pillar frescoes (including Ezekiel), 6 Old Testament women & 12 scenes from the life of the Virgin Mary. File:2022-05-06 Rome - 0989 - St. Augustine Basilica (1483) - Cavalletti Chapel - Madonna of Loreto (the Pilgrims) (1606) by Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio (1571–1610).jpg|Cavalletti Chapel File:Caravaggio — Madonna di Loreto.jpg|Caravaggio, Madonna of Loreto (1606) File:2022-05-06 Rome - 0977 - St. Augustine Basilica (1463) - Dome ceiling - Jesus Christ & the Twelve Apostles.jpg|Dome ceiling painting depicting Jesus and the Twelve Apostles File:2022-05-06 Rome - 0988 - St. Augustine Basilica (1483) - Nave ceiling fresco (1868) by Pietro Gagliardi (1809-1890).jpg|Pietro Gagliardi, nave ceiling fresco (1868) File:2022-05-06 Rome - 0996 - St. Augustine Basilica (1492) - Ezekiel (1860s) by Pietro Gagliardi (1809-1890).jpg|Pietro Gagliardi, Ezekiel (1860s) File:S Agostino - al pilastro Isaia (Raffaello, da Volterra ecc) e sotto s Anna ecc (Sansovino) A100016.JPG|Raphael, Prophet Isaiah (1512) and Andrea Sansovino, Saint Anne and Virgin with Child (1512) File:2022-05-06 Rome - 0993 - St. Augustine Basilica (1483) - Prophet Isaiah (1512) by Raphael (1483-1520).jpg|Raphael, Prophet Isaiah (1512) File:2022-05-06 Rome - 0994 - St. Augustine Basilica (1483) - John the Baptist (1588) by Avanzino Nucci (1552-1629).jpg|Avanzino Nucci, John the Baptist (1588) File:2022-05-06 Rome - 0995 - St. Augustine Basilica (1483) - John the Evangelist (1588) by Avanzino Nucci (1552-1629).jpg|Avanzino Nucci, John the Evangelist (1588) File:2022-05-06 Rome - 0997 - St. Augustine Basilica (1483) - Madonna del Parto (Our Lady of Childbirth) (1521) by Jacopo Sansovino (1486-1570).jpg|Jacopo Sansovino, Madonna del Parto (1521) File:Sant'Agostino (Roma) – San Tommaso da Villanova, Melchiorre Cafà.jpg|Melchiorre Cafà, St. Thomas of Villanova Distributing Alms (1600s) File:Incoronazione della Vergine con i santi Agostino e Guglielmo - Lanfrano.jpg|Giovanni Lanfranco, Coronation of the Virgin with Saints Augustine and William (1619) ==Tombs==

St. Tryphon of Campsada died in AD 250 and is located under the High Altar. Saint Monica died in 387. Her tomb was transferred here from the Santa Aurea Church in Ostia Antica, Italy on 11 April 1424. Her sarcophagus was designed by Isaia da Pisa (1410–1464) in 1455, and is now located in the Chapel of Saint Monica (left of the apse). Norways's Archbishop Olav Trondsson died on 25 November 1474. His tombstone reads: "CVI DEDERAT SACRAM MERITO NORVEGIA SEDEM HIC TEGIT OLAVI FRIGIDVS OSSA LAPIS" (Here a cold stone covers the bones of Olav, to whom Norway rightly gave the holy chair). Cardinal Guillaume d'Estouteville died on 22 January 1483. Cardinal Giuseppe Renato Imperiali died on 18 February 1737. Pietro Bracci designed and sculpted his polychrome tomb in 1741. The inscriptions found in the basilica have been collected and published by Vincenzo Forcella. ==List of Cardinal-Priests==

Pope Sixtus V (1585–1590) established the titular church of a cardinal priest in April 1587. The following is a list of cardinal-priests at Sant'Agostino since 1590: ==See also==