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Santa Rosa hitchhiker murders

The Santa Rosa hitchhiker murders was a series of at least seven unsolved homicides and unsolved disappearances all involving young female hitchhikers occurring within Santa Rosa and throughout Sonoma County in the North Bay area of California beginning in 1972. All of the victims were found nude and with very little physical evidence and were dumped within rural areas near steep embankments or in creek beds near roads. The crime scenes were separate from the body location sites and were never located. Californian police believe that the perpetrator of the Santa Rosa murders "interviewed" potential victims before killing them. Despite several extensive investigations involving previously identified serial killers, the culprit(s) have remained unidentified for over fifty years.

Victims
Maureen Sterling and Yvonne Weber Maureen Louise Sterling, 12, and Yvonne Lisa Weber, 13, disappeared around 9 p.m. on February 4, 1972, after visiting the Redwood Empire Ice Arena. Both girls, like other young people in that era, often hitchhiked. They were last seen hitchhiking on Guerneville Road, northwest of Santa Rosa. The friend was also interviewed in the 2024 HBO Max documentary The Truth About Jim and said she saw the man in profile as he stood in the lobby watching the skaters on the ice. She said he resembled a photograph of suspect Jim Mordecai, the subject of the documentary, taken in the early-1970s. There were rumors that the girls might have previously been in contact with a man who lived along the Russian River, but police could not confirm that connection either. Classmates of the girls were questioned about their whereabouts at school the following week, but none of the leads police received proved fruitful. Police had believed the girls were runaways. Their bodies were found on December 28, 1972, north of Porter Creek Road on Franz Valley Road, down a steep embankment approximately off the east side of the roadway. The cause of death could not be determined Kim Wendy Allen, 19, was also a frequent hitchhiker despite hearing warnings from her mother and one of her college professors about the danger of rape and/or murder for young female hitchhikers. Allen, like many other young women during that era, did not believe she was at risk. She was given a ride by two men on March 4, 1972, to San Rafael. The two men who gave her a ride, one of whom was given and passed a polygraph test, were ruled out as suspects. Her checkbook was deposited in a drive-up mailbox across from the Kentfield, California Post Office sometime on the morning of March 24, 1972, 20 days after she was murdered. Police thought two fingerprints on the checkbook might belong to the killer. When she was found, Allen also had an oily substance on her right side that authorities said was similar to the oil used in a machine shop. Lori Lee Kursa Lori Lee Kursa, 13, a Lawrence Cook Middle School student, had been reported missing by her mother on November 11, 1972 Authorities speculated that Kursa was kidnapped, forced into the van, stripped of her clothing, and that she opened the passenger door of the speeding vehicle in an attempt to escape her captor or captors, fell or jumped or was pushed out and broke her neck in the fall into the ravine. Her captor or captors left her by the side of the road. The broken neck would have prevented Kursa from moving, but it would have taken some time for her to die from the injury. and spent the next five months traveling. She had left her mother a note that said: “Dear Mom. Don't worry too much about me, the only thing I'm gonna be doing is keeping myself alive. Love, Carolyn.” She posted a letter to her mother and stepfather shortly after she ran away in which she wrote that she had left voluntarily and never planned to return home. Her older sister told an interviewer in 2022 that Davis actually stayed with her in her duplex apartment in Garberville, California after she ran away. Davis claimed she had witnessed a double murder in Shasta County and that she was afraid for her life. in Garberville. Her body was discovered on July 31, 1973 in Santa Rosa, just from where the remains of Sterling and Weber had been recovered seven months prior. The cause of her death was strychnine poisoning 10 to 14 days before discovery. A pathologist determined her probable date of death was July 20, 1973, five days after her grandmother had last seen her. Police reported in 1975 that it was “a rectangle connected to a square, with bars running alongside” constructed of twigs or sticks. It was identified as an occult symbol dating back to medieval England and suggested a possible connection to the Zodiac Killer. The symbol was located on the roadway above the site where Davis was found. After Davis was found murdered, while her sister was working as a hotel maid at the California Motel in Anderson, she found a map in a room she was cleaning that had belonged to Davis and had been in her possession when she left Garberville. It had been written on by both Davis and her older sister who gave the map to the local police and also spoke with investigators in both Shasta and Sonoma Counties. in the winter of 1973 to spend time away from her husband and young son. She hitchhiked her way across California, often catching rides along Highway 101. She had never before had any difficulties or thought she was in danger while hitchhiking. In late December 1973, she was in Malibu, California but wanted to go home for Christmas to see her mother and son. She was last seen on December 22, 1973, at Zuma Beach in Malibu, intent on hitchhiking to Garberville. She had been hogtied with clothesline rope, sexually assaulted, and strangled, and was determined to have been dead approximately one week. High water marks contemporaneous with heavy rains in the area suggested the body could have drifted several miles. Due to the age of the remains, authorities initially believed them to be those of Jeannette Kamahele and her arm fractured around the time of her murder, and her corpse had been stuffed into a laundry or duffel bag before being dumped in the ravine, == Possible victims ==
Possible victims
Lisa Michele Smith Lisa Michele Smith, 17, was last seen hitchhiking, a short distance away from her foster home, along Hearn Avenue in Santa Rosa. She was initially reported missing from Petaluma, California, by her foster parents on March 16, 1971. Shortly afterward, a young woman named "Lisa Smith", was hitchhiking on March 26, 1971, and was picked up by a male driver. He reportedly brandished a gun and threatened to rape her. She jumped out of the pickup, which was going about 55 miles per hour south of Novato, California. She was treated at Novato General Hospital for a skull fracture and multiple, severe cuts and bruises. A nurse at the hospital thought she looked about 21-years-old. An article published on April 1, 1971, in the Santa Rosa Press Democrat reported that the "Lisa Smith" treated at Novato General Hospital was the same person as the missing 17-year-old Lisa Smith. The individual believed to have been Smith left the hospital before authorities could interview her and purportedly hitchhiked back to San Francisco. Her biological parents then located her shortly afterwards and took her back to their home in Livermore, California, according to the article, which quoted a juvenile officer from the sheriff's office. However, the Press Democrat reported in 2011 that the missing 17-year-old Lisa Smith was not actually found. It is still not certain whether the two Smiths actually were the same woman or whether they were two separate people. All of the hospital and law enforcement records related to the case were missing by 2011 and authorities hoped to find Lisa Smith or someone who had known her to determine what had happened. Authorities suspect it is possible that she was a homicide victim or that her case could have been related to the other attacks in the area during the same time period. Jeannette Kamahele Jeannette Kamahele, a 20-year-old Santa Rosa Junior College student of Hawaiian descent was last seen on April 25, 1972, hitchhiking near the Cotati on-ramp of Highway 101. According to some reports, the girls had planned to attend a party in Santa Rosa. An acquaintance saw them hitchhiking at a gas station in Forestville, California. Their remains were discovered in July 1979 approximately north of Forestville, concealed within duct-taped garbage bags and buried within an embankment of a heavily overgrown woodland area located beside a remote section of Highway 20, from the city of Willits. Due to the advanced state of decomposition of the girls' remains, the specific cause of death of each victim has never been established, although both girls' deaths have always been considered to be a homicide. Furthermore, Graham's body was mistakenly identified as that of a male until genetic testing proved otherwise. The bodies of Graham and Trimble would remain unidentified until November 2015, when their identities were confirmed via the use of DNA profiling. The case itself remains one of the oldest cold cases within Mendocino County. 1975 report on additional victims In 1975, some sources say the Federal Bureau of Investigation issued a report stating that fourteen unsolved homicides between 1972 and 1974 were committed by the same perpetrator. These consist of the six found victims as of 1975 and the following: • Rosa Vasquez, 20, last seen May 26; her body was found on May 29, 1973 near the Arguello boulevard entrance at Golden Gate Park in San Francisco. and her body thrown off the roadway into some shrubs. Vasquez had been a keypunch operator at Letterman General Hospital on the Presidio. and had been out to buy groceries. • Angela Thomas, 16, a resident of Belton, Texas, was found July 2, 1973, smothered on the playground of Benjamin Franklin Junior High School in Daly City. • Nancy Patricia Gidley, a 24-year-old radiographer last seen at a Rodeway Inn motel on July 12, 1973, was found strangled behind the George Washington High School • Nancy Feusi, 22, disappeared after going dancing at a club in the Sacramento area. Her remains were found on July 22, 1973, in Redding. She had been stabbed to death. In 2011, one of Feusi's five children, Angela Darlene Feusi McAnulty, McAnulty became the second woman ever sentenced to die in Oregon and the first since the 1984 reinstatement of the death penalty. • Brenda Kaye Merchant, 19, was found stabbed to death at her home on February 1, 1974, in Marysville. She had been stabbed over 30 times with a long bladed knife and had asphyxiated on her own blood from her many wounds. The killer left a bloody handprint on the screen door of the apartment, and it is believed that Merchant was attacked between when she was last seen at 6 p.m. to when a loud argument was heard by neighbors at around midnight. • Donna Maria Braun, 14, whose strangled body was found at 7 p.m. on September 29, 1974 in the Salinas River near Monterey by a crop dusting pilot who was flying overhead. Police have also looked into links with the Flat Tire Murders, which occurred in Southern Florida. In 1986, author Robert Graysmith published a list of forty-nine confirmed and possible Zodiac Killer victims. The list included the Santa Rosa victims and additional murders with some similarities. These included: • Elaine Louise Davis, aged 17, who disappeared on December 1, 1969, from her home in Walnut Creek, California. On December 19, the body of a young woman was discovered floating off Light House Point near Santa Cruz. • Leona LaRell Roberts, aged 16, whose nude body was found ten days before the winter solstice on the beach at Bolinas Lagoon in Marin County, on December 28, 1969. She had been kidnapped from her boyfriend's home on December 10. Her death was treated as a homicide, although the official cause was listed as "exposure" by the medical examiner. • Marie Antoinette Anstey, aged 23, who was kidnapped in Vallejo after being stunned by a blow to the head, and then drowned. Her body was recovered in rural Lake County on March 21, and an autopsy revealed traces of mescaline in her bloodstream. • Eva Lucienne Blau, aged 17, who was found clubbed to death and dumped in a roadside gully near Santa Rosa during the equinox on March 20, 1970. The medical examiner discovered drugs in her circulatory system. She was last seen on March 12, leaving Jack London Hall after telling friends that she was heading home. The body of Davis was dumped off the coast of Santa Cruz, California, but not identified until 2001. Roberts was abducted from Rodeo and her body left on a beach near Bolinas. The male driver turned away from Cotati and pulled out a handgun. Sosic escaped by jumping from the moving vehicle; she was not seriously injured. == Suspects ==
Suspects
The Zodiac Killer The unapprehended Zodiac Killer is a suspect, due to similarities between an unknown symbol on his January 29, 1974 "Exorcist letter" to the San Francisco Chronicle, in which he claims 37 victims, and the Chinese characters on the missing soy barrel carried by Kim Allen, as well as stating an intention to vary his modus operandi in an earlier November 9, 1969 letter to the San Francisco Chronicle: "I shall no longer announce to anyone. when I comitt my murders, they shall look like routine robberies, killings of anger, + a few fake accidents, etc." (sic) Law enforcement reportedly ruled out Zodiac because the SRHM crimes appeared to have included sexual assaults and the (most likely and confirmed) Zodiac attacks did not. Arthur Leigh Allen Arthur Leigh Allen, of Vallejo, at the time of the murders. He had been fired from his Valley Springs Elementary School teaching position for suspected child molestation in 1968 and was a full-time student at Sonoma State University. Allen was arrested on September 27, 1974, by the Sonoma County Sheriff's Office and charged with child molestation in an unrelated case involving a young boy. He pleaded guilty on March 14, 1975, and was imprisoned at Atascadero State Hospital until late 1977. Robert Graysmith, in his book Zodiac Unmasked, claimed that a Sonoma County sheriff revealed that chipmunk hairs were found on all of the Santa Rosa Hitchhiker victims and that Allen had been collecting and studying the same species. Allen was the main suspect in the Zodiac case from 1971 until the present. Ted Bundy was suspected in the murders. but was ruled out by a Sonoma County detective in the late-1970s and again in 1989. Fredric Manalli Fredric Manalli, a 41-year-old Santa Rosa Junior College creative writing instructor, was suspected when, after his August 24, 1976, death in a head-on collision on Highway 12, sadomasochistic drawings he had created depicting a former student, Kim Wendy Allen, who was one of the victims, were discovered among his belongings. Investigators also reportedly found other obscene drawings Manalli had made involving other girls and himself. Manalli had one of Allen's backpacks in his possession which police then took into their custody. Jack Bokin Jack Alexander Bokin, a serial rapist who died in prison in December 2021 at age 78, has been suggested as another possible suspect by law enforcement after DNA testing linked him in 2022 to the 1996 murder of 32-year-old Michelle Veal. At the time of his death, Bokin was in prison for a series of rapes and for the 1997 attempted murder of a 19-year-old female victim. Bokin had a long history of criminal offenses and antisocial behavior beginning when he was a child, including violent sexual assault. His first criminal conviction for assault was in 1964, when he was 21. He served a prison sentence for that crime and also served five prison sentences for burglary at different times between 1970 and 1990. Jim Mordecai The 2024 Max documentary The Truth About Jim explored the possibility that Jim Mordecai, a high school vocational agriculture teacher and part-time landscape designer, might have been responsible for the Santa Rosa murders. Mordecai, who died of cancer in 2008, had no known criminal record. His family had an isolated ranch in Sonoma County where he often spent time in the early 1970s. After his death, family members found a box of mismatched female jewellery among his effects, which belonged to no one in Mordecai's family. One item (a hoop earring with orange beads attached) matched the description of a piece of jewellery worn by one of the victims. However, the family did not keep any of the items. A DNA profile of Mordecai and other information regarding him was turned over to the Sonoma County Sheriff's Department in August 2022. == See also ==
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