10th Cavalry Regiment (United States)

From the late 1860s on the Plain Indians called the black troopers of the US Army Buffalo Soldiers. The Indians gave them the appellation because of the similarity of the soldiers' tightly textured short hair to the fur of the buffalo. ==Insignia==

Coat of arms • Shield: Per pale, dexter: paly of thirteen Argent and Gules, a chief Azure charged with a Native American chief's war bonnet affronté above a tomahawk and stone axe in saltire heads down all Proper, sinister: per fess quarterly Gules and Argent in 1st and 4th a tower Or gated Azure 2d and 3d lion rampant Gules crowned with a ducal cornet Or; on an oval escutcheon Azure a fleur-de-lis Or; and Sable a triangle on its base charged with a sun ombre de soleil Or between three mullets of the like pierced of the field. There was no symbolic explanations or reasons given for the basic symbols of the Regimental Arms in 1911 or when the arms were re-affirmed on 22 August 1991. The following is gathered from many heraldic and military sources. Above the shield is part of the distinctive unit insignia, the "Buffalo" (American Bison). On the arms it faces left, which represents the western movement of the early unit across the United States. The black and gold on which the buffalo stands are "the colour of the negro" and the "refined gold" which the regiment represents. Again, the 1911 description and use predates this informal view. The distinctive unit insignia approved on 13 March 1922 (amended 6 December 1923) denoted its use as a paired set of devices or unit insignia with the head of the buffalo (the American bison) facing the head and neck of the individual in uniform. This is to remind the wearer that the unit totem, the "Buffalo" is forever watching them. ==Regimental Song==

:::::::::The Buffaloes ::(The Regimental Song of the Tenth Cavalry Regiment from about 1885. Sung to the tune of Stephen Foster's "Camptown Races") We're fighting bulls of the Buffaloes, Git a goin' – git a goin' From Kansas' plains we'll hunt our foes; A trottin' down the line. Our range spreads west to Santa Fe, Git a goin' – git a goin'. From Dakota down the Mexican way; A trottin' down the line. Goin' to drill all day Goin' to drill all night, We got our money on the buffaloes, Somebody bet on the fight. , Kansas. It honors the African-American Buffalo soldiers and those who led them. Pack up your saddle and make it light. Git a rollin' – git a rollin'. You are training fast for a hard fight; A rollin' down the line. Untie your horse and boot and gun, Git a goin' – git a goin'. Shake out your feet or you'll miss the fun, A rollin' down the line. Goin' to drill all day Goin' to drill all night, We got our money on the buffaloes, Somebody bet on the fight. It's Troops in line for the Buffaloes, Git a movin' – git a movin'. Then Squadron mass when the bugle blows' A movin' into line. Pull in your reins and sit your horse, Git a movin' – git a movin'. If you can't ride you'll be a corpse; A movin' into line. Goin' to drill all day Goin' to drill all night, We got our money on the buffaloes, Somebody bet on the fight. ==Early history==

Indian Wars 1866–74 in August 1867. The 10th U.S. Cavalry was formed at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, in 1866 as an all-African-American regiment. The 10th U.S. Cavalry regiment was composed of black enlisted men and white officers, which was typical for that era. By the end of July 1867, eight companies of enlisted men had been recruited from the Departments of Missouri, Arkansas, and the Platte. Life at Leavenworth was not pleasant for the 10th Cavalry. The fort's commander, who was openly opposed to African-Americans serving in the Regular Army, made life for the new troops difficult. Colonel Benjamin Grierson sought to have his regiment transferred, and subsequently received orders moving the regiment to Fort Riley, Kansas. This began on the morning of 6 August 1867 and was completed the next day in the afternoon of 7 August. One of the first battles of the 10th was the Battle of the Saline River. This battle occurred 25 miles northwest of Fort Hays in Kansas near the end of August 1867. After a railroad work party was wiped out, patrols from the 38th Infantry Regiment (in 1869 reorganized into the 24th Infantry Regiment) with a 10th Cavalry troop were sent out to locate the "hostile" Cheyenne forces. Captain George Armes, Company F, 10th Cavalry, while following an active trail along the Saline River were surrounded by about 400 Cheyenne warriors. Armes formed a defensive "hollow square" with the cavalry mounts in the middle. Seeking better defensive ground, Armes walked his command while maintaining the defensive square. After 8 hours of combat, 2,000 rounds of defensive fire and 15 miles of movement, the Cheyenne disengaged and withdrew. Company F, without reinforcements, concluded 113 miles of movement during the 30‑hour patrol, riding the final 10 miles back to Fort Hays with only one trooper killed in action. Captain Armes, wounded in the hip early in the battle, commented later, "It is the greatest wonder in the world that my command escaped being massacred." Armes credited his officers for a "devotion to duty and coolness under fire." In 1867 and 1868, the 10th Cavalry participated in Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman's winter campaigns against the Cheyennes, Arapahos, and Comanches. Units of the 10th prevented the Cheyenne from fleeing to the northwest, thus allowing Custer and the 7th Cavalry to defeat them at the decisive battle near Fort Cobb, Indian Territory. The second was two weeks after Carpenter had returned to Fort Wallace with the survivors of Forsyth's command. Troops H and I of the 10th Cavalry sallied forth for an escort and supply to the 5th Cavalry near Beaver Creek. Near there Carpenter combined command was attacked by a force of about 500 Indians. After a running fight and defensible stand the "hostiles" retreated. Carpenter would later receive the Medal of Honor for these two actions. For the next eight years, the 10th was stationed at numerous forts throughout Kansas and Indian Territory (now Oklahoma), including Fort Gibson starting in 1872. They provided guards for workers of the Kansas and Pacific Railroad, strung miles of new telegraph lines, and to a large extent built Fort Sill. Throughout this period, they were constantly patrolling the reservations and engaging "hostiles" in an attempt to prevent Indian raids into Texas. The 10th Regimental's mission in Texas was to protect mail and travel routes, control Indian movements, provide protection from Mexican revolutionaries and outlaws, and to gain knowledge of the area's terrain. The regiment proved highly successful in completing their mission. The 10th scouted of uncharted terrain, opened more than of new roads, and laid over of telegraph lines. The scouting activities took the troops through some of the harshest and most desolate terrain in the nation. These excursions allowed the preparation of excellent maps detailing scarce water holes, mountain passes, and grazing areas that would later allow for settlement of the area. These feats were accomplished while the troops had constantly to be on the alert for quick raids by the Apaches. The stay in west Texas produced tough soldiers who became accustomed to surviving in an area that offered few comforts and no luxuries for those who survived. The 10th Cavalry played an important role in the 1879–80 campaign (Victorio's War) against Victorio and his band of Apaches. Victorio and his followers escaped from their New Mexico reservation and wreaked havoc throughout the southwest on their way to Mexico. Col. Grierson and the 10th attempted to prevent Victorio's return to the U.S., and particularly his reaching New Mexico where he could cause additional problems with the Apaches still on the reservations. Knowing the importance of water in the harsh region, Grierson decided the best way to intercept Victorio was to take control of potential water holes along his route. They were: • Sergeant William McBryar, K Troop, 10th Cavalry Regiment at Salt River, north of Globe, Arizona, from 7 March 1890 to 15 May 1890. He was later a first lieutenant in the U.S. Army. • Captain Louis H. Carpenter, H Troop, 10th Cavalry Regiment during Indian campaigns, Kansas, and Colorado, September–October 1868. He was later a brigadier general in the U.S. Army. • First lieutenant Powhatan Henry Clarke, K Troop, 10th Cavalry Regiment during the pursuit of Geronimo in May 1886. Railroad labor disputes In 1894, the 10th Cavalry was involved in protecting property of the Northern Pacific Railroad from striking workers. ==Spanish–American War==

The regiment served during the Spanish–American War in 1898, alongside the 24th and 25th "colored" regiments (1st Division, 1st Brigade) with the 9th Cavalry. They fought in the Battle of Las Guasimas, the Battle of Tayacoba (where all four members of the last rescue party were awarded the Medal of Honor), the Battle of San Juan Hill and the Siege of Santiago de Cuba. Sergeant George Berry (10th Cavalry) took his unit colors and that of the 3rd Cavalry to the top of Kettle Hill before the Rough Rider's flag arrived. This is supported in the writings of Pershing, who fought with Sergeant Conley and the 10th on Kettle Hill. and later led the American Expeditionary Force during the First World War. They were: • Sergeant Major Edward L. Baker Jr., 10th U.S. Cavalry Regiment at Santiago. He was later a captain in the U.S. Army. • Corporal Dennis Bell, Troop H, 10th Cavalry Regiment during "the rescue" at the conclusion of the Battle of Tayacoba. • Private Fitz Lee, Troop M, 10th Cavalry Regiment during "the rescue" at the conclusion of the Battle of Tayacoba. • Private William H. Thompkins, Troop G, 10th Cavalry Regiment during "the rescue" at the conclusion of the Battle of Tayacoba. • Corporal George H. Wanton, Troop M, 10th Cavalry Regiment during "the rescue" at the conclusion of the Battle of Tayacoba. He was later a master sergeant in the U.S. Army. ==20th century==

Philippine–American War Following the end of the Spanish–American War, the 10th Cavalry was deployed to the Philippine Islands in what was known then as the "Philippine Insurrection", but now termed the Philippine–American War, until 1902. Although the conflict was controversial amongst many in and out of the African American community, the regiment, alongside the 9th Cavalry and 24th and 25th Infantry, served honorably and admirably. The conflict also provided an opportunity as several senior NCOs were commissioned as officers in the Philippine Scouts, including Edward Baker. But such opportunity would be short lived as the first American Governor General, then future President, William Taft barred the four segregated "colored" regiments from continuing to serve in the Philippines. Duty in the West The 10th Cavalry returned from the Philippines in late 1902 and settled down in different posts in the south western United States. Patrols and garrison life was the routine for the regiment. Under war plans, the 10th was designated for service in the Pacific and support in the Philippines from 1915 through 1942. Duty in the East In 1909, for the first time in the Regiment's history, it was sent East for garrison duty in the peaceful state of Vermont. They arrived at Fort Ethan Allen on 28 July 1909. There they resided with the 3rd US Cavalry, old saddle mates from the Indian Wars, Cuba, and the Philippines. In various letters and books they described their time from 1909 to 1913 as "luxurious." They had an indoor riding hall, solid warm barracks, heated barns for their horses, friendly neighbors and plenty of "wholesome food." Educational opportunities on base and within the community were provided and many men earned higher degrees. When one compares this to building their own barracks, rough frontier living and military field rations, this was heaven on earth for the 10th. Baseball was a favorite past time among the soldiers and they quickly found willing local teams to play against. Sunday games began attracting greater crowds of locals to the dismay of the local ministers who saw their attendance drop. Ministers elected one of their own to complain to the commander of the 10th. Colonel Jones replied that the games were not mandatory, but his Army command overruled him and Sunday games with the locals were halted. , Chihuahua, Mexico in 1916. This picture was taken upon their release. More than 5,000 U.S. troops of General John J. Pershing's forces, including elements of the 7th Cavalry and the African-American U.S. 10th Cavalry Regiment, entered Mexico in hot pursuit of Villa. The campaign consisted primarily of dozens of minor skirmishes with small bands of insurgents. Gen. Pershing failed to catch up to Villa. On 21 June 1916, two troops of the 10th, totaling 92 troopers, attacked Mexican Federal Army troops in an engagement in the Battle of Carrizal, Chihuahua. 12 U.S. troops were killed and 23 taken prisoner; 45 Federales were casualties, including the Mexican general Gomez. The engagement nearly precipitated open war with the Mexican government (the Carranza government, during that three-cornered Mexican civil war), but both governments immediately moved to lessen tensions and open negotiations for U.S. withdrawal, preventing war. The prisoners were repatriated at El Paso, Texas, by the Carrancista government. World War I The 10th Cavalry spent World War I in the United States. On 9 January 1918, the U.S. 10th Cavalry Regiment was involved in a firefight with Yaqui Indians just west of Nogales, Arizona. E Troop intercepted a group of American Yaquis on their way to render aid to Yaquis of Sonora, who were in the midst of long running war with the Mexicans. In August 1918 the 10th Cavalry, together with the 35th Infantry Regiment, fought in a border skirmish at the Battle of Ambos Nogales in which German military advisors fought and died along with Mexican soldiers. This was the only battle during World War I where Germans engaged in land combat against United States soldiers in North America. The U.S. 35th Infantry border post had about 15–18 men and requested reinforcements from their garrison. When they arrived they requested the Buffalo Soldiers of the 10th Cavalry. The 10th, commanded by Lt. Colonel Frederick Herman, came to their aid from their camp outside town. After observing the situation for a few moments, Herman ordered an attack on the Mexican and German held hilltops overlooking the border town. Defensive trenches and machine gun placements had been seen being dug there in the previous weeks. Herman wanted Americans there before Mexican reinforcements got there. In 1942 the regiment was moved to Camp Lockett, California, replacing the 11th Cavalry in its duties as the southern defense of the Western Defense Command, under LTG DeWitt. 153 NCOs of this regiment would later be assigned to the newly organized 28th Cavalry Regiment forming its cadre, and filling out the 4th Cavalry Brigade, which would remain in existence after the deactivation of the 2nd Cavalry Division, and its subsequent reactivation. In the summer of 1943, the 10th and 28th Cavalry Regiments fought wildfires in the Cleveland National Forest. In 1944, the entire 2nd Cavalry Division was shipped out to Oran, North Africa; where it disembarked and was deactivated on 9 March 1944. Although trained as combat soldiers, the soldiers of this regiment, and other regiments of the 2nd Cavalry Division were reorganized as combat support and combat service support units. Some would see combat as replacement soldiers of the 92nd Infantry Division. Early Cold War In 1958 the Tenth Regiment was reactivated. The unit today wears the buffalo symbol. 1st Squadron, 10th Cavalry was assigned to Fort Lewis, Washington, on 1 September 1963, as the eyes and ears of the 4th Infantry Division. On 25 June 1958, D Troop was reconstituted in the Regular Army and redesignated as Headquarters and Headquarters Troop, 4th Reconnaissance Squadron, 10th Cavalry Regiment. On 1 September 1963, the unit was redesignated as Troop D, 10th Cavalry and assigned to Fort Knox, Kentucky, and on 15 April 1968 the Troop became part of the 5th Battalion, 33rd Armor Regiment of the 194th Armored Brigade. In October 1999, the 3rd Infantry Division (Mechanized) began its transition to Limited Conversion Division XXI (LCD XXI). Under this force structure, mechanized brigades received organic cavalry organizations. On 16 June 2000, D Troop, 10th Cavalry Regiment was reactivated and assigned to the 3rd Brigade, 3rd Infantry Division (Mechanized), at Fort Benning, Georgia. In March 2003 the 3rd Brigade participated along with the rest of the 3rd Infantry Division (Mechanized) in the initial operations against Iraq as part of Operation Iraqi Freedom. The 3rd Infantry Division returned to Georgia in late 2003. In mid-2004 it began the transformation to the US Army's new modular force structure, which saw D Troop, 10th Cavalry inactivated. ==21st-century==

C Troop, 10th Cavalry was reactivated 22 September 2001 and served as the Brigade Reconnaissance Troop (BRT) as well as the brigade's quick reaction force (QRF) for 1st Brigade, 1st Cavalry Division. All Troops maintained a large area of operations. Operation Red Dawn was an American military operation conducted on 13 December 2003, in the town of ad-Dawr, Iraq, near Tikrit, where elements of the 1st Brigade of the 4th Infantry Division captured Saddam Hussein, former President of Iraq. During Operation Iraqi Freedom, elements of the 1st Squadron, 10th Cavalry, under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Reginald Allen played an instrumental role during Operation Red Dawn, D Troop provided security for the air corridor. A and C Troop, 1st Squadron, 10th U.S. Cavalry also during this operation secured the inner and outer cordons of the area of operation (AO) for Operation Red Dawn. The 4th Division rotated out of Iraq in the spring of 2004, and was relieved by the 1st Infantry Division. Present The 10th Cavalry Regiment presently comprises only one active squadron, which is a M3 Bradley-and M1 Abrams equipped armored Cavalry squadron within the 4th Infantry Division in Fort Carson, Colorado. 4th Squadron, 10th U.S. Cavalry takes its history and lineage from D Troop, 10th Cavalry. In 2000, D Troop, 10th U.S. Cavalry, was reactivated and assigned as the brigade reconnaissance troop for 3rd Brigade Combat Team (BCT), 3rd Infantry Division at Fort Benning, Georgia. D Troop, 10th Cavalry was deployed with 3/3 ID to Iraq in 2003, and was deactivated upon redeployment in 2004. It was reactivated in October 2007 at Fort Carson, Colorado, replacing the 2nd Squadron, 9th Cavalry regiment, as the 4th Squadron, 10th Cavalry Regiment with A, B, C, and HQ Troops as the reconnaissance squadron for 3rd Combat Brigade Team (3rd BCT) of the 4th Infantry Division. The 4th Squadron deployed to Iraq with the BCT from December 2007 to February 2009, and again in March 2010. The Squadron deployed to Jordan in 2015 in support of Operation Spartan Shield. In February 2016, Delta (Dark Knights) Tank Company from 1st Battalion, 8th Infantry Regiment moved to 4th Squadron, 10th Cavalry Regiment to be assigned as Dakota Troop as part of the restructuring plan for the recon squadrons, now called cavalry squadrons. 4th Squadron, 10th U.S. Cavalry Regiment deployed to Europe in January 2017 as part of Operation Atlantic Resolve and served in Poland, Hungary, and Germany before redeploying to Fort Carson in November 2017. In February 2019 the squadron, along with the 3rd Armored Brigade Combat Team, deployed to the Middle East in support of both Operation Inherent Resolve and Operation Spartan Shield. As of June 2019, 4th Squadron, 10th U.S. Cavalry Regiment is the only current active unit of the 10th Cavalry Regiment. It comprises three Cavalry Troops (Apache, Blackfoot, Comanche), one Tank Troop (Dakota), a Forward Support Troop (Dragoon), and a Headquarters and Headquarters Troop (Hunter). As of 29 August 2021, the Black Jack Squadron is commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Jacob Teplesky with Command Sergeant Major Derek Gilmore as his enlisted advisor. On July 29, 2022, COWBOY Troop 10th Cav reactivated on Fort Hood, Texas with COL John Meredith, commander of 1 ABCT, passing the guidon to CPT Tyler Stankye. COWBOY Troop stood back up as part of the Army's DIVCAV pilot program in the newly designed penetration division concept. COWBOY is organized as an Armored Cavalry Troop (ACT) serving a similar role as the old brigade reconnaissance troop (BRT). The ACT will test the new MTOE and provide feedback to the army as it reorganizes for LSCO. ==Campaign participation credit==

Activated 1866. • Indian Wars • 1867 – Battle of the Saline River near Fort Hays, Kansas • 1867–1868 – Winter campaigns against the Cheyennes, Arapahos, and Comanches • 1868 – Battle of Beecher Island • 1868 – Battle of Beaver Creek • 1869 – Defense of the Wichita I • 1871 – Texas-Indian Wars • 1874 – Defense of the Wichita II • 1879–1880 – Victorio Campaign • 1880 – Battle of Rattlesnake Springs • 1918 – Battle of Bear Valley • Spanish–American War • Battle of Las Guasimas • Battle of Tayacoba • Battle of El Caney • Battle of San Juan Hill • Siege of Santiago • Philippine–American War • Moro Rebellion • Mexican Revolution • Battle of Carrizal • World War I • 1918 – Battle of Ambos Nogales The only land battle in North America where German troops (advisors with a Mexican unit) were killed in action fighting Americans. • World War II • Attached to the 4th Cavalry Brigade, 2nd Cavalry Division in 1942. Deactivated in 1944, some members fought with the 92nd Infantry Division in Italy as replacements. In 1958 the Tenth Cavalry Regiment was reactivated. • Vietnam War: • Counteroffensive, Phase II; (with the 4th Infantry Division) • Counteroffensive, Phase III; • Tet Counteroffensive; • Counteroffensive, Phase IV; • Counteroffensive, Phase V; • Counteroffensive, Phase VI; • Tet 69/Counteroffensive; • Summer–Fall 1969; • Winter–Spring 1970; • Sanctuary Counteroffensive (Except 3rd Brigade); • Counteroffensive, Phase VII (Except 3rd Brigade). • Iraq War: • Liberation of Iraq – 19 March 2003 to 1 May 2003. • Coalition Provisional Authority – 2 May 2003 to 28 June 2004. • Iraqi Interim Government – 29 June 2004 to 30 December 2005. • Iraqi Transitional Government – 31 December 2005 to 20 May 2006 • Government of Iraq from 2006 – 20 May 2006 to present • Reconstruction of Iraq • Occupation of Iraq (2003–2011) • New Iraqi Army • International Compact with Iraq In July 2010 the 7th Squadron become the first armored reconnaissance squadron in the US Army to deploy to Afghanistan. The squadron headquarters and D TRP (FSC) were located in Camp Stone, Herat with the line troops forward deployed in the Herat Province and Badghis Province. The squadron redeployed to Fort Carson, CO in July 2011. • War in Afghanistan (2001–2021): • Consolidation III • Transition I ==Regimental decorations==

* Presidential Unit Citation (Army), Streamer embroidered PLEIKU PROVINCE (1st Brigade only) * Presidential Unit Citation (Army), Streamer embroidered DAK TO DISTRICT (1st Brigade only) * Valorous Unit Award, 1st Squadron, 10th Cavalry Regiment, 4th Infantry Division (1969–1972), Streamer embroidered II Corp Defense * Republic of Vietnam Cross of Gallantry with Palm, Streamer embroidered VIETNAM 1966–1969 * Republic of Vietnam Cross of Gallantry with Palm, Streamer embroidered VIETNAM 1969–1970 * Republic of Vietnam Civil Action Honor Medal, First Class, Streamer embroidered VIETNAM 1966–1969 * Army Superior Unit Award (Selected Units) for Force XXI Test and Evaluation (1995–1996) * Presidential Unit Citation (Army), Troop D, 10th US Cavalry, Streamer embroidered IRAQ 2003 * Valorous Unit Award, Troop H and 1st Squadron, 10th US Cavalry, Streamer embroidered with IRAQ 2003–2004 * Valorous Unit Award, Troop G, 10th US Cavalry, Streamer embroidered with IRAQ 2003–2004 * Presidential Unit Citation (Army), Streamer embroidered Operation Iraqi Freedom (2003–2004) (1st & 2nd Brigades only) * Presidential Unit Citation (Army), Streamer embroidered Operation Iraqi Freedom (2005–2006) (1st & 2nd Brigades only) * Meritorious Unit Commendation (Army), 7th Squadron 10th US Cavalry, Streamer embroidered IRAQ 2005–2006 * Valorous Unit Award, 1st Squadron, 10th US Cavalry, Streamer embroidered with IRAQ 2008–2009 * Valorous Unit Award, 7th Squadron, 10th US Cavalry, Streamer embroidered with IRAQ 2008–2009 * Valorous Unit Award, 7th Squadron, 10th US Cavalry, Streamer embroidered with AFGHANISTAN 2011 * Valorous Unit Award, 1st Squadron, 10th US Cavalry, Streamer embroidered with SOUTHERN AND WESTERN AFGHANISTAN 2011 ==Notable members==

Some members in this section are noted in the article above. If detailed in the article, they are summarized here. If not detailed, a brief expansion is provided. • Mark Matthews, who was the oldest living Buffalo Soldier, died aged 111 on 6 September 2005. He was buried at Arlington National Cemetery. Matthews joined the 10th Cavalry Regiment when he was only 15 years old, after having been recruited at a Lexington, Kentucky, racetrack and having documents forged so that he appeared to meet the minimum age of 17.{{cite news • Summary of Medal of Honor recipients of the 10th Cavalry; • William McBryar, Louis H. Carpenter, Powhatan Henry Clarke; Indian Wars. • The following four members of the 10th Cavalry Regiment received the Medal of Honor for "the rescue" of stranded soldiers on the beach at the conclusion of the Battle of Tayacoba. Dennis Bell, Fitz Lee, William H. Thompkins and George H. Wanton. • Edward L. Baker Jr., Spanish–American War. • John Bigelow Jr., Second Lieutenant, (later Lieutenant Colonel) Bigelow served with the 9th Cavalry Regiment from 1877 to 1885. He was then assigned to the 10th Cavalry and stayed with them in Cuba (D Troop) until 1899. He then served again with the 9th from 1903 to 1904. • Thomas Carpenter Jr., Vietnam War • Benjamin Grierson, the first commander of the 10th Cavalry Regiment. Served 1866 to 1888. • Henry O. Flipper – the first African-American graduate of West Point in 1877. • Gilbert W. Lindsay (1900–1990), Los Angeles City Council member, 1963–90 • Nicholas M. Nolan, a favorite officer of A Troop for more than a decade and who led during the Buffalo Soldier tragedy of 1877 also known as the "Staked Plains Horror." • Jules Garesche Ord, First Lieutenant, second in command of D Troop, who was killed in action after starting and leading the spontaneous charge of the 10th U.S. Cavalry up to the top of San Juan Hill. • John J. Pershing – from October 1895 until mid-1897, First Lieutenant (later General) Pershing commanded a troop of the 10th Cavalry Regiment from Fort Assinniboine in north central Montana. In 1898 in Cuba, Major Pershing served as a regimental officer who participated in the assault on Kettle Hill (part of the San Juan heights) and took over temporary command of D Troop after that battle on 1 July 1898. He was later known as "Nigger Jack" and "Black Jack" for comparing the high level of professionalism and discipline of the "Buffalo Soldiers" with other soldiers. • Kenneth O. Preston is a former Sergeant Major of the Army in the United States. He served in that position from January 2004 through his retirement in March 2011. • Augustus Walley served with the 9th Cavalry Regiment as a private and received the Medal of Honor. He later served with the 10th Cavalry as First Sergeant in Cuba and the Philippines. • Charles Young, Major (later Colonel) commanded the 2nd Squadron of the 10th during the 1916 Punitive Expedition into Mexico. He led a cavalry pistol charge that saved the wounded General Beltran and his men of the 13th Cavalry squadron, who had been outflanked. ==In media and fiction==

, c. 1868. Buffalo Soldier is a reggae song written by Bob Marley and Noel "King Sporty" Williams. • "Mission," Aaron Spelling's half-hour drama of a none-too-willing all-black regiment tasked with transporting a Comanche chief through Apache territory to the peace treaty table, was the November 12, 1959 episode of ''Dick Powell's Zane Grey Theatre''. • Sergeant Rutledge (1960) deals with a "Buffalo Soldier", the sergeant of the title, who is accused of the rape and murder of a white woman. In the film the regiment was inaccurately described as the 9th, but in fact the 10th were serving in Arizona at that time. The song included—"Captain Buffalo"—refers to the little-known western legend of a black cavalry officer. • The 1997 television movie Buffalo Soldiers, starring Danny Glover, drew attention to their role in the military history of the United States. • A reunion of former 10th cavalrymen at Camp Lockett was featured on the "California's Gold" television (TV) program primarily seen on public television stations. ==See also==