Sarcoglanidinae

The subfamily Sarcoglanidinae was first established in 1966 for Sarcoglanis simplex and Malacoglanis gelatinosus. A third species of the subfamily – Stauroglanis gouldingi, was described about 25 years later. Descriptions of additional species have followed, though most genera remain monotypic. The relationships of the genus Ammoglanis with other sarcoglanidines are not well-established; however, this genus is currently included within Sarcoglanidinae. This subfamily has been proposed to have a sister group relationship to Glanapteryginae. Like the members of this subfamily, many glanapterygines are sand-dwelling fish. Genera Sarcoglanidinae contains the following valid genera: ==Distribution and habitat==

All genera are endemic to the Amazon River system. Despite their scarcity in museum collections, sarcoglanidines possibly occur throughout the entire Amazon and the Orinoco basins. Sarcoglanidines usually live in sandy banks of rivers and streams, feeding on minute arthropods. ==Description==

Sarcoglanidines are all very small (to the extent of some species being considered 'miniaturized'), usually not exceeding 25 mm (1.0 in) in standard length (SL). Microcambeva ribeirae on the other hand, is the largest species, reaching 48 mm (1.9 in) SL. The subfamily has been characterized, among other things, by a toothless upper jaw, the presence of an adipose-like fin, and the pectoral-fin rays projecting beyond the fin membrane. ==References==