Satwiwa

Satwiwa is Chumashan and directly translates to "the bluffs." By strict definition, the name, which also can translate to "higher places", originally referred to the neighboring mountain, known as Boney Mountain. Satwiwa (Sat-wi'wa) was also the Chumashan name used for a former village near the current culture center. The original Chumash village was just north of Big Sycamore Canyon in southern Newbury Park, at the foothills of Mount Boney. ==Background==

Satwiwa is adjacent to the Santa Monica Mountains and Rancho Sierra Vista It is situated at the western end of the Santa Monica Mountains of Newbury Park, California and borders National Park land. Satwiwa and surrounding areas have been inhabited by the Chumash people for over 10,000 years. The site of the former Native American village has been developed as a nature center. It includes a Chumash Indian demonstration area, where Native American docents or park rangers are available for presentations during weekends. Art shows, ceremonies, and interactive exhibits also take place at Satwiwa. Hiking trails connect to the larger Point Mugu State Park, including trails to nearby waterfalls in the Santa Monica Mountains. ==History==

, which is sacred to the Chumash. Native Americans have lived in the area for over 10,000 years. With a hunting and gathering lifestyle based on the abundance of foods in the area, they fished in the Pacific Ocean and hunted deer and rabbits in the canyons. They also gathered acorns from the surrounding oak trees, which they ground to process for food, often combining them with roots or berries. The thriving tribes lived in the center of a commerce that extended up and down the coast, as far west as the California Channel Islands. Native Americans of Chumash, Tataviam, Tongva and Vanyume ancestries now organize programs at Satwiwa Center in order to keep traditions alive. There they showcase their culture through a variety of contemporary programs, arts and displays. Traditional and religious ceremonies and dances are still held at Satwiwa Center. The site of Satwiwa was purchased by the U.S. National Park Service in 1980 and a cultural center was developed there. Situated in the Santa Monica Mountains of Newbury Park, California, the Satwiwa Native-American Indian Culture Center is operated in partnership between the Chumash and the U.S. National Park Service. The center offers a diverse range of educational lectures and workshops, Native American art displays, and more. ==Chumash Indians==

The Ventureño Chumash Indians first settled in Satwiwa 13,000 years ago, and lived in the village as recently as 2,000 years ago. The village served as a post for travelers and traders who crossed the Santa Monica Mountains through the Sycamore Canyon in order to get from the Conejo Valley to the Mugu Lagoon and the Pacific Ocean. Satwiwa is situated at the foothills of Boney Mountain, which is a sacred mountain for the Chumash people. as well as at the Chumash Indian Museum in Thousand Oaks. Satwiwa is still regularly used by Native-American groups, particularly by the Chumash Barbareño-Ventureño Band of Mission Indians for events such as community dancing and celebrations of various ceremonies, e.g. summer solstice and the Hutash ceremony. The original inhabitants of the village of Satwiwa recognized Boney Mountain as the sacred home of all of creation. The peak remains sacred to the Chumash people today. The cultural center houses a Chumash demonstration village which sits across the path from the center. This reconstructed Chumash village houses the traditionally made ‘ap (houses). It is particularly visited during weekends when Native-American teachers and National Park rangers are present. ==Recreation==

Over 100 miles of trails can be found within Point Mugu State Park, which is one of California's largest state parks. Almost half the state park's total area make up Boney Mountain State Wilderness Area, a natural wilderness surrounding Mount Boney, a sacred mountain to the Chumash people. Several trails lead to a series of cascades, mountain overlooks, and some cross the Santa Monica Mountains leading to the coast of Point Mugu. While Old Boney Loop leads from Satwiwa to the heart of the Boney Mountain State Wilderness, the shorter hike to Sycamore Canyon Waterfall is 3.5 miles roundtrip from the Satwiwa Native American Culture Center. Sycamore Canyon Waterfall consists of a 70-foot series of cascades near a tree-covered creek bed. There are numerous overlapping trails throughout the surrounding area, and trails are utilized by both runners, hikers, equestrians, mountain bikers, and others. ==Wildlife==

Adjacent to national park land – Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area – wildlife is in abundance near Satwiwa. Commonly encountered species include rabbits, coyotes, deer, prairie falcons, roadrunners, hawks, golden eagles, foxes, and raccoons. Mammals The surrounding Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area (SMMNRA) is home to more than 45 species of mammals. List of mammals found in SMMNRA: ==References==