The table shows some of the main domains where security concerns are prominent.
Informational •
Application security •
Communications security •
Computer security •
Data security •
Digital security •
Endpoint security •
Information security •
Internet security •
Network security •
Usable security Physical •
Airport security •
Corporate security •
Food security •
Energy security •
Environmental security •
Home security •
Infrastructure security •
Physical security •
Port security/
Supply chain security •
Security bag •
Security print •
Border security •
Security seal Political •
National security •
Public security •
Homeland security •
Internal security •
International security •
Human security •
Societal security Monetary •
Economic security •
Social security The range of security contexts is illustrated by the following examples (in alphabetical order):
Computer security Computer security, also known as cybersecurity or IT security, refers to the security of computing devices such as
computers and smartphones, as well as
computer networks such as private and public networks, and the
Internet. The field has growing importance due to the increasing reliance on computer systems in most societies. It concerns the protection of hardware, software, data, people, and also the procedures by which systems are accessed. The means of computer security include the
physical security of systems and the
security of information held on them.
Corporate security Corporate security refers to the resilience of
corporations against
espionage, theft, damage, and other threats. The security of corporations has become more complex as reliance on IT systems has increased, and their physical presence has become more highly distributed across several countries, including environments that are, or may rapidly become, hostile to them.
corporate headquarters in
Atlanta s and
metal detectors are used to control what is allowed to pass through an
airport security perimeter. in
Jakarta,
Indonesia Environmental security Environmental security, also known as ecological security, refers to the integrity of
ecosystems and the
biosphere, particularly in relation to their capacity to sustain a
diversity of life-forms (including human life). The security of ecosystems has attracted greater attention as the impact of ecological damage by humans has grown. about
environmental security,
Belarus, 2016
Home security Home security normally refers to the security systems used on a property used as a dwelling (commonly including doors, locks, alarm systems, lighting, fencing); and personal security practices (such as ensuring doors are locked, alarms are activated, windows are closed etc.) in the
East End of London Human security , 2009 Human security is an emerging
paradigm that, in response to traditional emphasis on the right of nation-states to protect themselves, has focused on the primacy of the security of people (individuals and communities). The concept is supported by the
United Nations General Assembly, which has stressed "the right of people to live in
freedom and
dignity" and recognized "that all individuals, in particular vulnerable people, are entitled to
freedom from fear and
freedom from want".
Information security Information security refers to the security of information in any form. Spoken, written, digital, networked, technological, and procedural forms of information are all examples that may be covered in an
information security management scheme. Computer security,
IT security,
ICT security, and
network security are thus all subdomains of information security.
National security vehicle at the
Canada–United States border National security refers to the security of a
nation-state, including its people, economy, and institutions. In practice, state governments rely on a wide range of means, including
diplomacy,
economic power, and
military capabilities.
Resource security "Resource security" refers to the political and
commercial objective of ensuring that supplies of materials needed for the production of goods and the satisfaction of
human needs can be reliably sustained into the future. It involves protecting the supply of such resources as water, energy, food and industrial
raw materials from risks of
global depletion and risks to national supply incurred by trade restrictions, government or terrorist interference or
market failures. While
critical raw materials such as
rare earth minerals are an important focus of resource security planning, resource security covers a broader range of resources. and
energy security are important aspects of resource security. Food security is gaining in importance as the world's population has grown and productive land has diminished through overuse and
climate change. is affecting global
agriculture and
food security. The
UK government published a
Resource Security Action Plan for England in March 2012, subtitled "Making the most of valuable resources", responding to concerns raised by businesses and business leaders such as the
Confederation of British Industry (CBI) and the
Engineering Employers' Federation (EEF), and work in this field undertaken by the
House of Commons Science and Technology Committee. The action plan was an interdepartmental initiative for which the
Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) took the lead role as first point of contact for business enquiries. Government and business concerns related to "a range of renewable and non-renewable resources", concentrating on those not already covered by
energy security and
food security measures, and especially sought to protect the supply of certain specific metals and materials under supply pressure. A generalised fear of resource insufficiency was felt to be inappropriate: thus
Vince Cable, then
Secretary of State for Business Innovation and Skills, spoke in December 2011 about a public policy approach to resource management: Similarly the
Action Plan notes that in general the issue of "resource security" is not concerned with "scarcity" of resources but with availability, supply constraints and the potential financial and environmental costs of opening up new sources of supply. The office would form part of the
Department for Business, Innovation and Skills and maintain an overview of the risks to resource security. == Perceptions of security ==