D. johnstonii lives between the altitudes of on Kilimanjaro. ;
Kilimanjaro (2007): "There is no bamboo zone, nor a
Hagenia-
Hypericum zone. Above about 4,600 meters, very few plants are able to survive the severe conditions, although specimens of
Helichrysum newii have been recorded as high as 5,760 meters (close to a
fumarole), and
mosses and
lichens are found right up to the summit. The upland
moor consists primarily of
heath/
scrub plants, with
Erica excelsa (
Erica rossii),
Philippia trimera (
Erica trimera),
Adenocarpus mannii,
Protea kilimandscharica (
Protea afra),
Stoebe kilimandscharica (
Seriphium kilimandscharicum),
Myrica meyeri-johannis (
Morella salicifolia), and
Myrsine africana. Grasses are abundant in places, and
Cyperaceae form the dominant ground cover in wet hollows. On flatter areas between the upland moor and the forest edge are areas of moorland or upland
grassland composed of
Agrostis producta,
Festuca convoluta (
Poa kilimanjarica),
Koeleria gracilis (
Koeleria capensis),
Deschampsia sp.,
Exotheca abyssinica and
Andropogon amethystinus, with scattered bushes of
Adenocarpus mannii,
Kotschya recurvifolia and
Myrica meyeri-johannis (
Morella salicifolia). Various species of
Helichrysum are found in the grasslands and in the upland moor. Two distinct forms of giant groundsel occur on the upper mountain:
Senecio johnstonii cottonii, endemic to the mountain and only occurring above 3600 meters, and
S.johnstonii johnstonii which occurs between 2,450 meters and 4,000 meters, and shows two distinct forms. At all altitudes
Senecio favours the damper and more sheltered locations, and in the alpine
bogs is associated with another conspicuous plant, growing up to 10m tall, the endemic giant lobelia
Lobelia deckenii. Below the tree line,
the park includes six corridors through the forest to the mountain foot." ==References==