Chronic kidney disease, for example, is sometimes a sequela of
diabetes; "chronic constipation" or more accurately "obstipation" (that is, inability to pass stool or gas) is a sequela to an intestinal obstruction; and neck pain is a common sequela of
whiplash or other trauma to the
cervical vertebrae.
Post-traumatic stress disorder may be a psychological sequela of one or more traumatic events. Sequelae of
traumatic brain injury include
headache,
dizziness,
anxiety,
apathy,
depression, aggression, cognitive impairments, personality changes,
mania, and
psychosis.
COVID-19 is also known to cause post-acute sequelae, known as
long COVID, post-COVID syndrome, or
post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC). This refers to the continuation of COVID-19 symptoms or the development of new ones, four or more weeks after the initial infection; these symptoms may persist for weeks and months. Post-COVID syndrome can occur in individuals who were asymptomatic for COVID, as well as those ranging from mild illness to severe hospitalization. These most commonly reported sequelae include fatigue, shortness of breath, chest pain, loss of smell, and
brain fog; symptoms drastically range, from mild illness to severe impairment. Some conditions may be
diagnosed retrospectively from their sequelae. An example is
pleurisy. Other examples of sequelae include those following neurological injury; including
aphasia,
ataxia, hemi- and
quadriplegia, and any number of other changes that may be caused by neurological trauma. Note that these pathologies can be related to both physical and chemical traumas, as both can cause lingering
neuronal damage. The phrase
status post, abbreviated in writing as
s/p, is used to discuss sequelae with reference to their cause. Clinicians typically use the phrase to refer to acute traumatic conditions. For example: "the patient had neck pain
status post a
motor vehicle accident".
Rheumatic fever is a non-suppurative sequela of a primary infection of group A
Streptococcus bacteria.
Glomerulonephritis can also be a non-suppurative sequela of
Streptococcus pyogenes. ==References==