The island was built in the southern part of the Venetian Lagoon from 1860 to 1870 using debris generated by commercial port construction at Santa Marta in Venice. Initially state-owned, the island was sold to the municipality of Venice in 1875 and converted into a fuel depot. Later, it was converted to agricultural use. In 1892, construction for a quarantine hospital on the island was begun. Following the cholera epidemic of 1911, the hospital was expanded and made Venice's premier facility for the treatment of
tuberculosis, replacing the hospital at
Santa Maria della Grazia. It was closed during the
First World War and re-opened and expanded during the 1920s. In 1929, the municipality donated the island to the
National Institute for Social Security, which expanded and repurposed the hospital as a
pulmonological facility. The new 300-bed complex was inaugurated by King
Victor Emanuel III in 1936. The pulmonary hospital remained operational until 1979, when it was abandoned. Ownership reverted to the Venetian municipality in 1982, which in turn donated it to the
UNESCO International Center for Marine Sciences and Technology ten years later. ==References==