Shanrong translates to the "mountain
Rong". The Rong were a collection of nomadic tribes that lived in
Northern China during the
Spring and Autumn period, and are believed to have been of the same ethnic group as the Northern Rong. Although they were a
vassal state of the
Zhou dynasty, the Shanrong would not pay tribute to the
King of Zhou and eventually became a threat to the
Central Plain. The
Duke Huan of Qi (679BC) summoned their vassal states to the summit in
Juancheng, becoming the first
hegemon of the
Spring and Autumn period.
Duke Huan intended to solve their conflicts with the Shanrong nomads and southern state
Chu to gain other states' respect. Shanrong army attacked the State of
Yan (664BC), which led to
Yan asking
Qi for help,
Duke Huan of Qi led the coalition army northern bound which led to the Shanrong to retreat in the following year. Coalition forces continued north, defeating Shanrong at Wuzhong Mount (无终山), present-day
Pan Mountain. Eventually, the Shanrong leader fled to
Guzhu. The coalition forces did not stop there and defeated both
Guzhu and Shanrong as well as another nomadic state called Lingzhi (令支) before returning. ==Other nomadic tribes==