MarketPersona (series)
Company Profile

Persona (series)

Persona, previously marketed as Shin Megami Tensei: Persona outside of Japan, is a video game franchise primarily developed by Atlus and owned by Sega. Centered around a series of Japanese role-playing video games, Persona is a spin-off from Atlus' Megami Tensei franchise. The first entry in the series, Revelations: Persona, was released in 1996 for the PlayStation. The series has seen several more games since, with the most recent main entry being 2024's Persona 3 Reload, a remake of the 2006 game Persona 3.

Games
Main seriesRevelations: Persona is the first entry in the series, and was released in Japan and North America for the PlayStation in 1996. The story takes place in the city of Tatsumi Port Island, following a group of students known as "S.E.E.S." who fight monsters that appear during a time known as the Dark Hour. Reload is a faithful recreation of the original game's narrative, graphically rebuilt in Unreal Engine 4 and functionally updated with numerous gameplay improvements that bring the title in closer parity with succeeding installments of the series. The remake also overhauls the game's presentation with the introduction of a new English voice cast, new story scenarios and additional interactions between characters not featured in either the original Persona 3 or its re-releases. • Persona 4 is the fifth entry in the main series, released for the PlayStation 2 in 2008 in Japan and North America, and 2009 in Europe. • Persona 5 is the sixth entry in the main series, released for the PlayStation 3 and PlayStation 4. It is set in Tokyo and follows a group of students as they adopt disguises of thieves to tackle the city's corruption and attain freedom from imposed societal pressures. A tactics spin-off of Persona 5, Persona 5 Tactica, was released in November 2023. Several Persona mobile games have been made in partnership with other Japanese mobile companies such as BBMF. Their first partnership was in 2006 with the development and release of Megami Ibunroku Persona: Ikū no Tō-hen, a 3D dungeon crawler set during the events of the first Persona game. ==Common elements==
Common elements
Gameplay The gameplay of the Persona series revolves around combat against various enemy types: Demons, Shadows and Personas. The main character of each Persona game is a silent protagonist representing the player, with a manner described by the series' director as "silent and cool". A recurring element in the earlier entries is ""The Butterfly Dream"", a famous story by the Chinese philosopher Zhuang Zhou. It ties in with the series' themes, and also with Philemon's frequent appearances as a butterfly. Philemon's original appearance was based on Zhuang Zhou. The character Nyarlathotep is based on the character of the same name from H. P. Lovecraft's Cthulhu Mythos, and the Mythos as a whole is frequently referenced in Persona 2. The Velvet Room was based on the Black Lodge from Twin Peaks, while Igor and his assistants are all named after characters from Mary Shelley's novel Frankenstein and its adaptations. ==Development==
Development
The Persona series was first conceived after the release of Shin Megami Tensei If... for the Super Famicom. As the high school setting of If... had been positively received, Atlus decided to create a dedicated subseries focusing on the inner struggles of young adults. The focus on high school life was also decided upon due to the experiences of the series' creators, Kouji Okada and Kazuma Kaneko: according to them, as nearly everyone experiences being a student at some point in their lives, it was something everyone could relate to, representing a time of both learning and personal freedom. In their view, this approach helped players accept the series' themes and the variety of ideas included in each title. Kaneko in particular tried to recreate his experiences and the impact it had on him during his time with the series. The music for Innocent Sin and Eternal Punishment was handled by Toshiko Tasaki, Kenichi Tsuchiya, and Masaki Kurokawa. Tsuchiya had originally done minor work on Persona, and found composing for the games a strenuous experience. Spin-offs, such as the Persona Q and Dancing subseries, are usually handled by other Atlus composers such as Atsushi Kitajoh, Toshiki Konishi, and Ryota Kozuka. ==Release==
Release
The series consists of twenty games, not counting re-releases and mobile games. Persona 3 Reload, a remake of Persona 3 (2006), was launched in 2024 for PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, Windows, Xbox One and Xbox Series X/S, making it the first main entry in the franchise to both receive a worldwide simultaneous release, as well as the first to be available on non-PlayStation formats from launch. In a quarterly earnings report from November 2023, SEGA Sammy president Haruki Atami suggested that all future Persona games going forward would follow a similar release and availability cadence in order to meet company expectations of selling at least 5 million units in a new game's first year. Due to the company not having a European branch, Atlus has generally given publishing duties to other third-party publishers with branches in Europe. This frequently results in a gap between North American and European release dates ranging from a few months to a year or more. For Persona 3, Atlus gave publishing duties to Koei. For Persona 4, European publishing was handled by Square Enix. Persona 4 Arena was originally published in Europe by Zen United after a long delay, but the digital rights were eventually returned to Atlus, resulting in the game being removed from PSN. Atlus ended up re-publishing the digital PlayStation version in Europe. They had previously digitally published the PSP port of Persona in Europe and Australia. Arena Ultimax was published in Europe by Sega, who had recently purchased Atlus' parent company. It was speculated that this could lead to a new trend that would shorten the release gap between North America and Europe. A regular publishing partner was Ghostlight, whose relations with Atlus went back to the European release of Nocturne. A more recent partner was NIS America, which published Persona 4 Golden, Persona Q, and Dancing All Night. Atlus' partnership with NIS America ended in 2016, with NIS America citing difficulties with the company since its acquisition by Sega as reasons for the split. As part of their statement, NIS America said that Atlus had become "very picky" about European partners, selecting those which could offer the highest minimal sales guarantee on their products. Sega of America and Atlus USA eventually entered into a partnership with European publishing company Deep Silver to publish multiple games in the region, including Persona 5. Localization The localizations for the Persona series are generally handled by translator Yu Namba of Atlus USA, who also handles localization for multiple other Megami Tensei games. Another prominent staff member was Nich Maragos, who worked with Namba on multiple Persona games until moving to Nintendo of America prior to 2015. The localization of Persona was handled by a small team, which put a lot of pressure on them as they needed to adjust the game for Western audiences: the changes implemented included altering names, changing the appearance of characters, and removing numerous cultural references. An entire alternate main quest was also removed. After Persona, it was decided that future Persona games should be as faithful as possible to their original releases. Namba's first localization project for the series was Eternal Punishment. For the release of Innocent Sin, there was a debate over whether to release it, as it contained potentially controversial content including allusions to Nazism. In the end, due to staff and resource shortages, Innocent Sin was passed over for localization in favor of its sequel Eternal Punishment. Later, when the company developed the PSP ports, the team released the ports of Persona and Innocent Sin overseas so fans attracted by Persona 3 and 4 would be able to easily catch up with the rest of the series. The localization for Persona was completely redone, reverting all the previous altered content and restoring all previously cut content. The port of Eternal Punishment was not localized due to "unusual circumstances", so the company released the original version on PSN instead. For the localizations of Persona 3 and 4, the team incorporated as much of the original content as possible, such as using Japanese honorifics and keeping the game's currency as yen rather than changing it. As a general rule, they incorporate cultural elements from the original versions unless they would not be understood by the player, such as with certain jokes. Nevertheless, some changes had to be made. In one instance, the character Mitsuru Kirijo was originally an English speaker, but her second language for the localized version was changed to French due to her cultured appearance. School tests also needed to be changed due to similar language-based issues. The Social Links were originally called but this was changed as the word "Community" had a very specific meaning in English. The new name was inspired by the way the character Igor made reference to the concept using words such as "society" and "bonds". Some in-game Easter egg references were also changed: in Persona 3 references to the larger Megami Tensei series by a character in an in-game MMORPG were changed to reference earlier Persona games, while mentions of a fictional detective in Persona 4 were altered to reference the Kuzunoha family from Eternal Punishment and the Devil Summoner series. Character names have also needed adjustment, such as the stage name of Persona 4 character Rise Kujikawa, and the way characters referred to each other was adjusted to appeal more to a western audience. Persona 5 was also localized in this fashion. The localized English names of games have also been altered. The banner title for Persona was changed from Megami Ibunroku to Revelations, principally because the team thought the latter name sounded "cool". The Revelations title was removed for Innocent Sin and Eternal Punishment. After the successful release of Nocturne, the "Shin Megami Tensei" moniker was added to the series title to help with Western marketing. This has not been the case for some games: Persona 4 Arena original title, Persona 4: The Ultimate in Mayonaka Arena, was shortened as it sounded "awkward", and the "Shin Megami Tensei" moniker was dropped as it would have made the title too long, which has been applied to every game in the series since. The same change was made for Persona 4 Golden and Persona 5 Royal, with the team dropping "The" that was in the Japanese title because it would have sounded "odd" in English-speaking regions. ==Reception==
Reception
The first Persona was referred to at the time as a sleeper hit, and the success of it and Eternal Punishment helped establish both Atlus and the Megami Tensei franchise in North America. In Europe, the series did not become established prior to the release of Persona 3 and 4, both of which were highly successful in the region. Persona 3 features a non-optional interaction with a female-presenting NPC that attempts to flirt with the game's male main characters, before being observed to have a small amount of facial hair, leading the repulsed characters and the player to believe that this NPC is a transgender woman. Persona 5 also has a string of comedic non-optional interactions with two seemingly gay men which were the subject of extensive criticism, and were then altered in the Western localization of Persona 5 Royal. However, the scenes are still present and the issues audiences had were not fully alleviated. Persona 4 has been subject to various criticisms for its depictions of potentially queer characters. Major character Kanji Tatsumi is seen as potentially being bisexual or gay, leading to him being made the brunt of many homophobic jokes and jabs from another main character, Yosuke Hanamura. The writing of Naoto Shirogane in regards to her relationship with gender identity and her character arc which involves embracing her biological gender of female after previously identifying as male due to concerns surrounding treatment of women in the police force. By November 2024, the series had sold over 23 million copies worldwide. ==Related media==
Related media
Anime The first anime adaptation of the Persona series, a television series based on Persona 3 titled Persona: Trinity Soul, aired in 2008. Trinity Soul takes place in an alternate setting ten years after Persona 3, making it a non-canon entry in the franchise. They received DVD releases and later were released on Crunchyroll. Persona 3 reload is currently getting its own stage play, the Persona 3 Lunation The Act. The first act of the stage play runs from July 6th to July 13th, 2025, at the Theatre G-Rosso. This stage play will only include the male protagonist, who will be played by Mizuki Umetsu. It will be directed by Makoto Kimura; a DVD has been released of the stage play; it's currently unknown if it will be translated. Atlus has created or hosted media dedicated to the Persona series. A dedicated magazine originally ran for ten issues between 2011 and 2012, and has been irregularly revived since then. In June 2022, as part of the series' 25th anniversary, Sega expressed in an interview with IGN, their desire to expand the Persona series and other Atlus properties into live-action film and television, as had been done with their flagship property, Sonic the Hedgehog and its 2020 film adaptation. Toru Nakahara, Sega's lead producer on the Sonic the Hedgehog films and the Netflix animated series Sonic Prime, stated of Atlus' games that, "Stories like those from the Persona franchise really resonate with our fans and we see an opportunity to expand the lore like no one has seen — or played — before". Joker from Persona 5 makes a cameo in Sega's theatrical production logo, which debuted in the aforementioned Sonic the Hedgehog film adaptation as the star Paramount's Cinematic Universe. In 2023, actors Jun Shison and Haruna Kawaguchi were appointed as official ambassadors for the Persona series, where they would appear in commercials and other promotional campaigns for the series. ==See also==
tickerdossier.comtickerdossier.substack.com