Short C-23 Sherpa

The Short 330 was developed by Short Brothers of Belfast from their earlier Short SC.7 Skyvan STOL utility transport. The 330 has a longer wingspan and fuselage than the Skyvan, while retaining the Skyvan's square shaped fuselage cross section, allowing it to carry up to 30 passengers while retaining good short field characteristics. The 330 entered commercial service in 1976. In addition to the passenger aircraft, Shorts also planned two freight versions. The Short 330-UTT (for Utility Tactical Transport) was a military transport version fitted with a strengthened cabin floor and paratroop doors, with the first order for 18 aircraft being placed by the United States Air Force in March 1983. These aircraft were assigned to Military Airlift Command (MAC) for the European Distribution System Aircraft (EDSA) role, flying cargo and personnel between United States Air Forces in Europe (USAFE) air bases. One of its competitors as that time was the CASA C.212 Aviocar. The C-23B+ Short 360 derivative was created by replacing the rear fuselage of Short 360s obtained on the second-hand market with the twin tail and rear loading ramp of the Short Sherpa. The C-23 was produced at the Short Brothers' facility in Belfast, Northern Ireland. In 2024, De Havilland Canada’s did a study to evaluate returning the C-23 Sherpa to production, noting that the aviation market had seen other successful revivals such as the Twin Otter and CL-415 (DHC-515 Firefighter). ==Operational history==

The C-23 served with USAF starting in the 1980s, and later the U.S. Army. It was retired from the USAF in 1990 and the Army until 2014. U.S. Air Force The C-23A Sherpa entered service with the United States Air Force in Europe in 1985 During Iraq War (2003–2011), the C-23 served the Army's intra-theater needs of cargo and personnel transport. It provided an economic alternative for transporting some 20 people or three pallets of cargo when speed was not critical. As part of the U.S. Army's Constant Hawk intelligence gathering program, five Short 360s were modified for use in Iraq and flew in theater between 2006 and 2011. A further two modified aircraft collided in mid-air before delivery to Iraq. The Constant Hawk aircraft were not given a military designation. A total of 43 C-23s were in service with the U.S. Army as of November 2008 (all US C-27 aircraft at that time were transferred to the US Coast Guard in 2012 due to budget shortfalls). The C-23 Sherpa was retired from the Army National Guard in January 2014. As part of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2014, 8 C-23s may be transferred to the State of Alaska to operate from short rural runways for search-and-rescue and medium-lift missions. Para jump out of back of C-23, 2010 U.S. Army National Guard to deliver medical supplies. (2011) While the US Army does not operate many fixed wing aircraft besides the Sherpa (due to Key West Agreement), they lost a C-23B in 2001 in Georgia, USA, and 21 died. This was the worst peacetime aviation disaster of the U.S. National Guard. On 3 March 2001, a C-23B Sherpa belonging to the 171st Aviation Regiment of the Florida Army National Guard was carrying 18 construction workers of the Virginia Air National Guard from Hurlburt Field, Florida to Naval Air Station Oceana, Virginia. The pilot left the flight deck to use the aft bathroom. His weight in the tailcone shifted the center of gravity sufficiently that the airplane became unstable when a patch of severe turbulence was encountered. The violent g-force shifts then encountered rendered the crew unconscious and caused the breakup of the aircraft in flight near Unadilla, Georgia, killing the 21 persons on board. Later calculations determined that the aircraft had been loaded outside its operating envelope at the start of the flight. The C-23 was retired from Army National Guard service in 2014, having served with distinction in such missions as disaster relief and transport, earning the distinction of being a "workhorse" aircraft. Civilian and governmental use , 2017 Several surplus aircraft were sold to United States operators, who used them to transport equipment and crews to remote work sites. In 2014 the Army transferred more than dozen C-23 to the U.S. Forestry Service. ==Potential sales==

In December 2014, it was announced that US would supply eight aircraft to Estonia, Djibouti, and Philippines. Estonia ended up not taking the Sherpa, a decision they reached in 2015 because they could not afford the maintenance, despite the low initial cost procuring of the aircraft. Also, the landing and take off ability of the C-23 was not short enough for their requirement. The Estonians were operating two Antonov An-2, a single engine biplane transport known for its low stall speed. In 2019, the Estonian Air Force received PZL C-145 instead which was a better match for their requirement, they were donated from the USAF which was retiring its fleet. Brazil briefly considered procuring up to eight upgraded C-23 Sherpa in the late 2010s, for service in the 2020s; the aircraft would be upgraded with new radars, TCAS, and night vision and approved the purchase. The Brazilian Army Aviation had interest in acquiring eight Sherpa planes to supply its Special Border Platoons in the Amazon. A presidential decree allowed the army to possess fixed-wing aircraft in 2020, but it was revoked just two days after its publication. The acquisition was harshly opposed by air force officers and even some army officers. They considered the heavy expenditure on these aircraft inopportune at a time of scarce resources, preferring that investment be made in the FAB's existing planes. ==Variants==

;C-23A Sherpa: Twin-engine transport aircraft for the U.S. Air Force based on the Short 330-UTT; it was fitted with a strengthened cabin floor with a roller conveyor system, plus a forward cargo door on the port side of the fuselage, equipped with a hydraulically operated full-width rear cargo door/ramp; 18 built. ;C-23B Sherpa: Twin-engine transport aircraft for the US Army National Guard, similar to the C-23A, but with cabin windows, stronger landing-gear, inward-opening paratroop doors at the rear of the fuselage and an air-operable two-section cargo ramp; 16 built. ;C-23B+ Super Sherpa: Short 360 aircraft purchased as used aircraft by the U.S. Army and modified by the West Virginia Air Center (WVAC) for the replacement of the rear fuselage of the Short 360, with its single tall fin, with the twin tail and rear loading ramp of the Short Sherpa. 28 civil aircraft were modified. ;C-23C :Both C-23B and C-23B+ with flightdeck avionic upgrade under the "Avionics System Cockpit Upgrade" program, 43 modified. ;C-23D :C-23C with upgraded avionics under the "Safety Avionics Modification" program from 2010, program was cancelled and only four aircraft were modified. ==Operators==

; • Philippine Army ; • Djibouti Air Force ; • United States Air Force • United States Army • Army National Guard • NASA • United States Forest Service Civil operators Former USAF and US Army aircraft have been sold to civil operators including: ; • Royal Star Aviation ==Aircraft on display==

, 2023 ;United States • Short 330-200 85-25343, a former Kwajalein range aircraft, at Millville Army Aviation Museum, Millville, New Jersey without its propellers. • C-23C – N863DZ, which was US Army 93-01320, at Air Heritage Aviation Museum, Beaver Falls, Pennsylvania. ==Specifications (C-23A)==